HONORS USH C. 1 EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

1
HONORS USH C. 1EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

• THE NEW WORLD

2
EUROPEAN DISCOVERIES AND INVASION

• I. 1000 AD Vikings led by Leif EricsonVinland
  (Newfoundland)
• Skrellings
• Sagas
• II. Backdrop for European Discovery
• 1000 AD Continental Europe Middle Ages
  Feudalism
• Crusadesopened up a new way of life
• Renaissance
• Commercial Revolution
• middlemenVenice, Constantinople, Arab
  merchants
• Age of Discovery
• III. Portuguese Exploration
• United, at peace, perfect location
• Prince Henry the Navigator Sagres Navigation
  School
• Africa 1488-Dias, 1497 da Gama, 1500 Cabral
• IV. Christopher Columbus
• Theory, the Voyages, results
• Inter Caeteras , Treaty of Tordesillas
• Amerigo Vespucci1501 New World

3
CONQUEST AND CATASTROPHE

• GOD, GOLD, GLORY SPANISH EMPIRE
• Conquistadores and Missionaries
• Balboa, de Leon, Cortes,
• Magellans voyage, Pizarro,
• De Soto, Coronado, Mendoza
• Spanish Empire The Golden Age of Spain
• New Global Economy
• ENCOMIENDAS, MITA, HACIENDAS
• PROTESTANT REFORMATION
• THE FRENCH COLONIZATION

4

• THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• GOODS ORIGINATING IN THE NEW WORLD GOING TO THE
  OLD
• GOODS COMING FROM THE OLD WORLD TO THE NEW

Food Crops Animals Medicines
Grains Livestock Fruit Vegetables Insects Disease
Slavery
5
THE BRITISH

• 1. ENGLISH EXPLORATION
• John Cabot--1496
• 2. COLONIAL INTEREST ENGLAND CHALLENGES SPAIN
  (MOTIVES) QE I.
• 3. EARLY ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION ALL FAILED.
  Newfoundland, Roanoke I and II
• 4. WAR WITH SPAIN
• Spanish Armada 1588
• 5. TYPE OF PEOPLE THAT WERE INVOLVED IN THE
  COLONIZATION OF AMERICA
• Monarchy--Mercantilism
• Merchantsjoint-stock companies East India Tea
  Company 1600, Virginia Co. of London 1606
• Commoners--Enclosure Movement 1500s to 1700s
• 6. ENGLISH COLONIES (proprietary, charter,
  royal)
• 1606 Virginia Company of London proprietary
  charter from King James I
• Dec. 25, 1606, 120 settlers left England on 3
  ships.

6
(No Transcript)
7
JAMESTOWN

• Location of the settlement and orders
• Problems
• John Smiths Rule
• 1609 Charter Revised
• Governor to rule Jamestown from Jamestown Lord
  De La Warr
• Sold more shares in London Company
• Company Servants
• 1609-1611Starving Time
• Thomas Dale 1611
• TobaccoJohn Rolfe
• 1618 Head-right System and Representative Govt.
• Head right
• Indentured servants
• House of Burgesses
• Introduction of African Slavery
• Massacre of 1622
• Charter revoked 1624Royal Colony

8
THE PURITANS

• 1. Religious reformers interested in purifying
  the Church of England of Catholic ritual.
• 2. Generally upper class with a high degree of
  political efficacy. As a result by the late 1620s
  they had become a powerful voice in Parliament.
• 1629 forced the King Charles I to sign the
  English Petition of Right.
• But during this same time period they were
  persecuted against.
• 1628 Massachusetts Bay Co. created.
• Granted a self-governing charter.
• Create a society that the rest of the world will
  look up the city on the hill.--Boston
• Left in 1630
• 11 ship convoy
• gt1,000 settlers
• 1 year of supplies
• Government organization
• Commonwealth theocracy led by John Winthrop.
• Legislature General Court, made up of 100
  stockholders (freeman)

9
13 colonies
10
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES CT., RI, NH

• Education 1. De Luder Satan Laws
• 2. Harvard
  University
• Puritan dissent 1. Puritan intolerance
  and beliefs
• Economy 1. farming
• 2. fishing
• 3. trade
  (triangular trade routes)
• CONNECTICUT
• 1. Rev. Thomas
  Hooker 1636 Hartford
• 2. Fundamental
  Orders
• RHODE ISLAND
• 1. Roger
  Williams 1636 Providence
• 2. Anne
  Hutchinson 1638 Portsmouth
• 3. 1644
  chartered by Kingself-governing
• NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 1. Rev. John
  Wheelwright 1638

11
THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC COLONIESMd., Va, Pa., NY,
NJ, De,

• MARYLAND
• 1. Proprietary Colony
• 2. George
  Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
• 3. Refuge for
  Catholics
• 4. First
  settlers arrive in 1634
• a.
  Close to Va.
• b. Did
  not have to wait for supplies
• 
  from England.
• C.
  Tobacco grew well there.
• 5. By 1640
  elected assembly created.
• 6.
  1644Toleration Act passed.
• 7. Until 1670s
  relied on indentured servants and
  African slaves.

12

• NEW JERSEY
• 1.
  1665--Duke of York granted estate to
• 
  John Berkeley and George Carteret.
• 2. To
  sell the land they promised
• 
  - religious freedom
• 
  - elected assembly
• 
  - political freedom and
• 
  - cheap land
• 3.
  1674, Berkeley sold his half to
  
  Quakers.
• 4.
  1680, Carteret sold his to Quakers.
• 5.
  1702 Chartered as New Jersey
• QUAKER RELIGION GEORGE FOX 1600s
• BELIEFS

13

• PENNSYLVANIA
• 1. 1681
  King Charles II-charter-to William
  
  Pennpay off debt for Penns father.
• Penn
  was a Quaker.
• 2.
  Colony based on Quaker beliefs.
• 
  Experiment in Holy Christian Living
• 3.
  Freedom of religion for all Christians
• 4.
  Self-government unicameral assembly.
• 5. First
  settlementPhiladelphia City of
• 
  Brotherly Love
• 6.
  Bought land from the Indians and tried to
  treat them with
  fairness.
• 7.
  Advertised the colony throughout Northern
• Europe.
  Attracted many Germans.
• 
  Pennsylvania DutchMennonites (Amish)
• 8.
  Economyshipping, wood products,
  
  farming

14

• DELAWARE
• 1. 1704
  broke from Pa.
• 2. Not
  Quaker.
• 3. Raised
  tobacco.

NEW YORK 1.
Dutch War The Nutmeg War
2. 1664, Eng. Sent 4 warships
to New Amsterdam
3. Dutch influences
today 4.
James, Duke of York, Proprietor.
5. Government Dukes
Laws
Absolute Government.
6. Gov. Edmund Andros forced
Dutch
settlers to take oath.
7. 1683 Charter of Liberties
15

• SOUTHERN COLONIES

(SOUTH, NORTH) CAROLINA
1. 1663 Proprietary Charter
to the 8
Lords Proprietors.
George
Carteret, Anthony Ashley-Cooper,
John Colleton, William Berkeley, John
Berkeley, George Monck, Edward
Hyde,
William, Earl of Craven

• 2. Sea to Sea grant.
• 3. Fundamental Constitutions
• John Locke, James Harrington.
• 4. 1670 Charles Towne
• Economytrade with West
  Indies, rice, tobacco, deerskins, relied
  heavily on African slavery to work the rice
  fields.
• 1719 rebellion in NC
• 7. 1729 NC-SC split-- Royal
  Colony

16

• GEORGIA
• 1. James
  Oglethorpetrustee for a colony of
  debtors. 1733 subsidized by
  the King.
• 2. Serve
  as a buffer zone between
  Spanish
  Florida and the Carolinas.
• 3. First
  settlementSavannah
• 4.
  Settlers50 acres, tools and
  supplies.
• 5.
  Mulberry trees (silk) and olive trees.
• 6.
  Alcohol, lawyers and slavery
  forbidden.
• 7. 1752
  Royal Colony

17
OTHER WAYS TO CLASSIFY COLONIES

• RESTORATION COLONIES
• Royal Colony controlled by the Monarch.
• Proprietary Colony granted to a businessman or
  businessmen.
• Charter Colony granted to the people.

• ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642-1649
• 1.
  Puritans v. Royalists
• 2.
  Interregnum Period 1649- 1659, Oliver Cromwell
  ruled.
• RESTORATION 1660
• 1.
  King Charles II put on the
  throne.
• 2.
  Payment for that debt
  colonies
• THE RESTORATION COLONIES WERE
• SC, NC, NY, NJ, Pa, De.