Richard Hakluyt, Discourse of Western Planting, 1584

1
Write Explain in your own words at least two of
the rationales for English expansion in the New
World given by Richard Hakluyt in his 1584
document. Connect them to a political or social
event taking place in Britain or Europe as a
whole at that time.

• Richard Hakluyt, Discourse of Western Planting,
  1584
• A particular discourse concerning the great
  necessity and manifold commodities that are like
  to grow to this Realm of England by the Western
  discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year
  1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request
  and direction of the right worshipful Sir Walter
  Raieigh (excerpts)
• That this western discovery will be greatly for
  the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto
  the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly
  bound amongst whom her Majesty is principal.
• That all other English Trades are grow beggarly
  or dangerous, especially in all the king of
  Spain's Dominions, where our men are driven to
  fling their Bibles and prayer books  into the
  sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion
  and conscience and consequently their obedience
  to her Majesty
• That this western voyage will yield unto us all
  the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia....
• That this enterprise will be for the manifold
  employment of numbers of idle men
• That this voyage will be a great bridle to the
  Indies of the king of Spain and a means that we
  may arrest one or two hundred sail of his
  subjects ships at the fishing in Newfoundland.
• That the richness that the Indian Treasure
  wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor
  father to the Spanish king, is to be had in
  consideration of the Queen, most excellent
  Majesty, least the continual coming of the like
  treasure from thence to his son, work the
  unrecoverable annoy of this Realm
• What special means may bring king Phillip from
  his high Throne, and make him equal to the
  Princes his neighbors, wherewithal is showed his
  weakness in the west Indies.
• That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous
  and more then Turkish cruelties in all the west
  Indies, whereby they are every where there,
  become most odious unto them, who would join with
  us or any other most willingly to shake of their
  most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it
  already in divers places where they were Lords
  heretofore.
• That the Queen of England's title to all the
  west Indies, or at the least to as much as is
  from Florida to the Circle artic, is more lawful
  and right than the Spaniards or any other
  Christian Princes.

2
Topic Early British Colonization in the New
World (1500-1733) Aim Explain and analyze the
reasons and effectiveness of early British
attempts at colonization in the New World.

• Describe the factors which led to England
  lagging behind in the race to establish colonies
  in the New World.
• How does this 1588 portrait of Queen Elizabeth I
  illustrate Englands imperialist goals?
• Detail the role of British nationalism in the
  late 1500s that contributed to imperial
  expansionism.

Queen Elizabeth I The Virgin Queen1558-1603 as
depicted by George Gower in 1588
3
Name Occupation
Master Edward Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Captaine John Smyth Captaine John Ratliffe Captaine John Martin Captaine George Kendall - Councell
Master Robert Hunt - Preacher
Master George Percie Anthony Gosnoll George Flower Captaine Gabriell Archer Robert Fenton. Robert Ford William Bruster Edward Harrington Dru Pickhouse Thomas Jacob John Brookes Ellis Kingston Benjamin Beast John Robinson Thomas Mouton Ustis Clovill Stephen Halthrop Thomas Sands Edward Morish Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Edward Brown Robert Behethland John Penington Jeremy Alicock George Walker Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgrave Thomas Webbe John Waler John Short William Tanker William Smethes Richard Simons Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon John Martin Roger Cooke George Martin Anthony Gosnold Henry Adling Thomas Wotton, Sierg. Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter Richard Frith - Gentlemen
William Laxon Edward Pising Thomas Emry Robert Small Anas Todkill John Capper - Carpenters
James Read - Blacksmith
Jonas Profit - Sailer
Thomas Couper - Barber
John Herd William Garret - Bricklayers
Edward Brinto - Mason
William Love - Taylor
Nicholas Skot - Drum
John Laydon William Casson George Casson Thomas Casson Willam Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tavin George Golding John Dods William Johnson William Unger William Wilkenson, Surgeon - Labourers
Samuell Collier Nathaniel Peacock James Brumfield Richard Mutton - Boyes
4
Maps of the Jamestown Settlement Areas

• Identify and explain the sources of problems
  that the Jamestown settlers would have faced in
  the early years of the colony (1607-1610)
  including environmental, social, cultural, and/or
  technological issues.

• Early Jamestown and The Starving Time
• Fall 1607 104 colonists arrived
• By spring, 1608 38 survived
• 1609 300 more immigrants
• By spring, 1610 60 survived
• 1610 1624 10,000 immigrants total
• 1624 population 1,200
• Adult life expectancy under 40 years
• Death rate of children before age 5 80

5

• Describe the British views of the indigenous
  population of the New World contained in John
  Smiths illustration.
• Conflicts between British colonists and the
  indigenous population
• Starving colonists frequently raided local
  populations food supplies.
• Appointed Governor Lord de la Warr carried out
  Company order to attack locals starting in 1610.
• First Anglo-Powhatan War ended in 1614 by
  marriage of John Smith and Pocahontas, but couple
  returned to England.
• Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1622-1644) ended with
  indigenous population being pushed from area and
  nearly eradicated.

John Smiths Depiction of Powhatan1624
6
Iroquois Lands and European Trade Centers, ca.
15901650

• Why do some historians view the Iroquois
  Confederacy as an early democratic model?
• How might the Iroquois Confederacy seek to
  maintain cohesion after European arrival?
• How did the Iroquois Confederacy grow in power
  as a result of contact with European colonists?
• What roles might the Iroquois Confederacy play
  in a conflict between France and Britain?

7
Tobacco Production in the Chesapeake Prior to 1710

• How did tobacco production transform the
  Jamestown colony?
• How did tobacco production change the
  relationship between the colony, the Virginia
  Company, and the Crown?

• 1618 Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
  tobacco.
• 1622 Despite losing nearly one-third of its
  colonists in an Indian attack,Virginia produces
  60,000 pounds of tobacco.
• 1627 Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of
  tobacco.
• 1629 Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of
  tobacco

8
Settlement Patterns in Virginia1600-1690

• How did tobacco production affect the settlement
  patterns of the Virginia colony?

9
Describe the circumstances behind the passing of
the Toleration Act of 1649 by Marylands
assembly.

• Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore (1605-1675)

• Maryland established as proprietary colony and
  refuge for Catholics during Charles Is reign
• like Virginia, tobacco farming formed the
  backbone of the economy
• passed the Toleration Act of 1649 ensuring
  religious freedoms for Christians with fines for
  intolerance, but decreed death those who deny
  the divinity of Christ

10
Lesson SummaryBe able to address these questions
with specific examples (names, dates, events,
historical developments)!

• How did the British process of colonization in
  Virginia and Maryland differ from the Spanish
  model?
• How did the new British colonies of the 17th and
  18th century impact the lives of indigenous
  peoples?
• Analyze and explain reasons for possible
  long-term success in the British colonies.

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