?????????????????

1
????????????????????????????????
2
??????????????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????

3
(No Transcript)
4
?????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????

5
????????
?????
?????????
6
??????????

• ?????????
• ???????????????? ???????????
• ???????????????

7
????????

• ???????????????????
• ??????????????

8
?????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????

9
????????????????????????????????????
10
??????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????(???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????)

11
?????????????????

• ???????????????(??)?????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??

12
????????

• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????
• ????????

13
(??)?????

• ??????????????
• ???????????
• ???????

14
?????

• ???????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????

15
??????????????????????
16
??????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????(???????????????
  ??????????????????)

17
?????????????????
18
????????????????
19
???????????????????

• ????????(???????????????)?????????????????????????
  ?
• ????????????????????????????????(????????)

20
???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????????

21
Imai Gentner, 1997
22
Imai Gentner, 1997
23

• 2????????????????????????????????????????(??????)?
  ???????????????

24
???????????????????????
Imai Haryu, 2001
25
??????????????????????
Imai Haryu, 2001
26

• ???????????????????????????????????????????????(??
  ???)
• ????????????????????????????????????????

27
???????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????

28
?????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????

29
???????????????(Imai et al., 2005)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????(???????????)???????????
  ????????????????

30
????

• ????????
• 3?????? 29?(?15 ?14)
• 4-5?????? 27?(?13 ?14)
• ????2(??)X2(??????vs. ????)

31
??

• ?????????????????????????????????(??????????)
• ?????
• ???????????
• ???????????

32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
??

• ???????????????????? (????????)
• 2????????2???????????????????????????????????????
• ???6????????

35
?????????????????Action-Same Object Change?????



36
??

• 5?
• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• 3?
• ???OK
• ?????????

37
3????????????

• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

38
???????????,?????? (Imai et al., in prep.)

• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????

39
?????????????

• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????gt??
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????

40
????????

• ?????3???????
• Verb No agentWatch blicking
• Verb agentShes blicking it
• Verb bare
• Blicking

41
????????
Verb No agentWatch blicking Verb agentShes
blicking it Verb bare Blicking

• ?????3??5??OK
• ?????5??????????????????AS????

42
?????????

• ??????????????????????
• Argument dropping??????????????????
• ????????????????????

43
?????????

• ??????????????????????????????????OS????????
• ???Bare????1/3 ????2/3????????????????

44
Are Chinese children truly noun biased even in
learning verbs?
Proportion of AS response

• Adults mapped the verb to the action 100
• 7 year-olds at chance
• 9 year-olds finally above chance

45
Do extra linguistic cues help?

• All kinds of linguistic cues were provided.
• One syllable vs. Two syllables(Chinese two
  syllable verbs often incorporate a noun e.g.,
  ??go to school ??open a/the door)
• Emphasis on the aspectual adverb zai
• Present the target verb in three different
  sentential frames
• Some effect, but not strong enough to overcome
  the object bias

46
Manipulation of Linguistic cues
47
We then realized

• In the stimuli, just for a second, the actor
  holds the novel object to show it clearly before
  starting the motion. This may indicate that the
  object is important.
• This did not affect Japanese or English children,
  but Chinese children may have been much more
  sensitive to extra-linguistic, pragmatic cues
  because linguistic cues are not obvious.

48
original
First part clipped
49
We removed the object-showing part from the video
Verbs were presented as one syllable words in
three different sentence frames in both cases.

• 3-year-olds Still could not map the verb to the
  action
• 5-year-olds Dramatic improvement!

50
?????????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????

51
???????

• ???????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ???????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????

52
?????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????(?????)?????????????
  (??)??????????????????
• ??????????????(????????)??(?????)??????

53
???(gitaigo /mimetic word)

• ??????(onomatopoeia)
• ?????????????
• ?)???? ???? ??????
• ???(mimetic word)
• ????????????????????????
• ?) ???? ???? ???? ????
• Gitaigo?onomatopeia
• ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????????????????

54
??????????????????????????

• ????????????????????????
• 1?2?????Input output?????????
• ?????(?????)?Iconicity????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??)????????????????????
• ??? ?35(19/55word)
• ???? ?10 (2/21word)
• ????????????????????

55
??

• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ? ???????????????????
• ????????????????????

56
??1 ???? ??(?????????)

• ??
• ?????????????????????
• ???
• 3?? 50?(???? 43.1?? range37-48??)
• ????
• ???? ??????????????????
• ???? ????
• ???
• ???????????PC??????????????

57
????

• ??????(24?)
• ???????????12????
• ????????????
• ?
• ?????????????? (??15?)
• ??????????????????
• ?
• ???????????????
• ?
• ????????????????????(??8?)
• ?
• ?????????????
• ??????????????? ???

58
??!??????? (??????) ??!????????(????????) ??!?????
?????(??????????)
59
Test
Actor Change test
Action Change test
60
??

• ??????gt????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

61
???

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

62
???2

• ???????????????????????????????????????????lexical
  ization pattern???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

63
?????????

• ??????????????????????
• ????????????????(????)??????

64
???

• ?????????????????????3????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  

65
???(2)

• ???????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????