???????????:Paul Rozin ????????? ??????

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???????????Paul Rozin???????????????????

• ?????? ??????????????? ?4????
• ??16?3?12?(?)15???16?(17?30?)??
• ???current topics or prospective ?the latter
• (??????????????????????????)
• ??????????,??(??????)??????http//www.geocities
  .jp/psychology_appetite/???????(PDF).Home -gt
  Researches -gt ????? ?.

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Paul Rozin Food Psychology?pioneer ??????,?2??(
mentor) ?1???,(???????)/ 2 ?????? ?????????,???
??? ??????????Rozin?????????! ???????,???,????
????????. ??????-gt ??????????
3
1970??????(?????)???
????? ?????? ??????
Pavlov
????????
Thorndike
????????
???????????????6?????
???????????? ??????????? CTA, foraging, defensive
behavior
4
??????????????? ?????, ?????????????, 1981, 31,
99-122. (???????) Throndike's(1898)puzzle-box
experiments revisited. Kwansei Gakuin University
Annual Studies, 1983, 32, 168-184. (H. Imada S.
Imada)
Thorndike?cat?fish??????????????...
5
Pavlov?????
US - UR CS ? CR
dog??????????...?????
????fish?,??????????????. ???(??)??????????,trivia
l????????????????. ?????????????????????...
6
??????????????????????. ??????????????????????.
??????????????????????. ?? establishment
????????????????(??????????,???,??)
Solomon Ash ?
???????!? ?????!? ?????,?????????!? ??????????????
???????... ? ??? ?????????? ( ??, 1992)
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In their anxiety to be scientific, students of
psychology have often imitated the latest forms
of sciences with a long history, while ignoring
the steps these sciences took when they were
young. They have, for example, striven to emulate
the quantitative exactness of natural sciences
without asking whether their own subject matter
is always ripe for such treatment, failing to
realize that one does not advance time by moving
the hands of the clock. Because physicists cannot
speak with stars or electric currents,
psychologists have often been hesitant to speak
to their human subjects.( Solomon Asch, 1952, pp.
xiv-xv.
??????????????????.???????????,???????????????????
.??????,?????????????????.
8
???? ...
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??3??????rats????,??????????(????)????.
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No Shocks(10days) - Shocks(20days) - No
Shocks(10days)
11
????(??)2000?,??2100?
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Imada, S., Fujii, M, Nakagawa, R., Iso, H.,
Sugioka, K., Imada, H.An attempt to measure
effects of electric shock upon rat's drinking,
eating and general activities over 24 hours a
day. Japanese Psychological Research, 1983, 25,
52-57. Imada, S., Kondo, H., Imada, H.Effects
of shock presented at the fixed time of day on
rat's appetitive and general activities measured
over 24 hours a day over days. Animal Learning
Behavior, 1985, 13, 194-200.
????????????????,???????????????????????,?????????
??????????????.
????????????????????
???????shift
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????...

• ??????????????.
• ???????80????????,????????????????.
• ???,????????????????????????????(SSIB??,Appetite??
  ).
• Rozin, P. ??????????????????????.

87 ??????,91??Penn.?
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???????????(??) (Thorndike, Pavlov) Cannon, B.
Steller, E. Davis, C. Richter, C. Stunkard,
A. Bruch, H.
???TEXT??? Louge, A. W. 1986 Capaldi, 1996
Odgen, 2003
???? SSIB Appetite
??????????????????(???),???????????.
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http//www.uphs.upenn.edu/weight/ajsbio.html http
//www.med.upenn.edu/ins/faculty/stunkard.htm
A. Stunkard
Dr. Stunkard received a B.S. from Yale University
in 1943 and an M.D. from Columbia University in
1945. A major research interest is genetic
influences on obesity in childhood and among the
Old Order Amish. He is currently conducting a
large-scale prospective longitudinal study of the
growth and development of children at high risk
of obesity. He also studies deviant eating
patterns, having been the first to describe binge
eating and having developed treatment for binge
eating disorder. He is currently investigating a
new eating disorder -- the night eating syndrome.
He is the author of nearly 400 publications,
mostly in the field of obesity and his research
has been supported for 40 years by the National
Institutes of Health. B.S.?1943??????,80???????!
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Odgen, 2003
Capaldi, 1996
Louge, A. W. 1986
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?,????Paul Rozin????
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PERSONAL Born August 3, 1936.
Brooklyn, New York DEGREES B.A.
University of Chicago, 1956 M.A.
(Psychology) Harvard University, 1959 Ph.D.
(Biology and Psychology) Harvard University,
1961 Thesis Adviser Jean Mayer
???(????)??????(????????)?????????.????????.???.
??? E. Rozin???????????.????????,??????,?????????
...???( 2003-, Maya). ???,?,??,???,???????.Rescorl
a, Seligman????.Solomon Ash??????.???????????????(
???).?????(?),??????,????,??????????,??????,??????
????(???,??????????).
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DISSERTATIONS SPONSORED Willard Rodgers (1966)
Thiamine Specific Hunger. Bennett G. Galef, Jr.
(1968) Aggression and Timidity A Comparison of
Responses to Novelty in Feral and Domesticated
Norway Rats. James W. Kalat (1972) The CS-US
Delay Gradient as a Learning Curve. Morris
Moscovitch (1972) Using Reaction Time to Assess
the Verbal Abilities of the Normal Minor
Hemisphere. I. Jill Moscovitch (1973) How Young
Children Represent and Reproduce Organized Visual
Materials Accounting for Difficulty in Drawing
an Array of Seriated Sticks. (co-sponsored with
Rochel Gelman). James C. Johnston (1974) Role of
Contextual Constraints in Word Perception.
(co-sponsored with Jacob Nachmias). James
McClelland (1974) The Role of Preliminary Letter
Recognition in Perception of Words and
Non-Words. Jonathan Schull (1980) Naloxone
Effects on Pain and Pleasure. (co-sponsored with
Richard L. Solomon).
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April E. Fallon (1981) The Development of
Disgust and Other Types of Food Rejections in
Children. Marcia L. Pelchat (1982) Avoidance and
Aversion Mechanisms for the Production of
Affective or Non-Affective Changes in Food
Preferences. (co-sponsored with Harvey J.
Grill). Idit Trope (1986) Information processing
in the separated hemispheres of callosotomy
patients Does the analytic-holistic dichotomy
hold? (co-sponsored with Ruben Gur). Teresa A.
Vollmecke (1987) The Influence of Context on
Sweetness and Pleasantness Evaluations of
Beverages. Carol J. Nemeroff (1988) Contagion
and the Transfer of Essence. Amy K. Jaffey
(1990) Development and construct validation of
the desire for union questionnaire.
(co-sponsored with Clark R. McCauley). Aynn B.
Rosen (1992) Children's identification of
embarrassment and disgust in everyday situations.
(co-sponsored with John Sabini). Josephine
Todrank (1993) Evaluative conditioning of face
pictures CSs to odor USs. Willa Michener (1994)
Chocolate craving. ????
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Paul Rozin, 2003, Fighting the Fads and Traveling
in the Troughts The Value (as Opposed to Growth)
Approach to Inquiry, R. J. Sternberg(ed.),
Psychologists defying the crowd Stories of those
who battled the establishment and won, American
Psychological Association.
???????????????????????????(??)???,?????????????
. ??????????????... ???????????????,???????(???)?
????????????????
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Research topics( Rozin, 2003)

• Specific hungers
• Reading acquisition
• Cuisine, flavoring acquisition of likes
• Finding flavor between taste and smell
• Craving
• Disgust, contagion magical thinking
• Culture, social structure, moralization
• New Interests(negativity bias)

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Paul Rozin 1.???120-130?, ????????????! 2.??????
?(rat)??-gt specific hunger(????)
3.???????????,???????? 4.?????human food
selection???? 5. craving, flavor, body image,
evaluative conditioning?? 6. disgust(food
disgust)?????? 7. disgust?????contagion, magical
thinking????? 8. ????????culture, moral????? 9.
health, attitude, moral???natural???????? ????
?????,?????????. ????????????.
????????????????????????. ??????,????????.
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a) ?(??,??)?????. b) format(???,???,??????)???. c)
?????,???.??...????. d) ?????????????,???????
????????. e) impression, intuition,
idea???.Theory???. f) ??,I, We?????????. g)
????(?????)????,??,??????...
????,?????????????, ??????, Rozin????????????.
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???????????? emotion - feeling
consciousness - awareness
???,??? ? ? ???,???
conscious ???????????????????????. aware
????????????????????????? I was conscious of
the trend, but I was never aware of its danger.
?????????????,???????????????????. cognizant
????????????????????????????. ?????????????????.
be cognizant of subversive machinations
????????????. He was cognizant of the difficulty.
?????????????.
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?????,
food selection emotion(disgust) moral(
moralization)
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cultural evolution
??????
??
moral, ethics
??
????
?
idea, belief attitude
??
drive( biological)
evolution
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Socio-cultural Individual Biological
????
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????????????????????
Disgust????????? ????????????????????????????????
???? ????(??)???(??)????
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?????, .....
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Appetite, 1999
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Rozin, P., Kabnick, K., Pete, E., Fischler, C.,
Shields, C. The ecology of eating smaller
portion sizes in France than in the United States
help explain the French paradox, Psychological
Science, 2003, 14, 450-454.
Paris?Philadelphia??????? McDonalds ? soft
drink, french flylocal restaurants ? portion
sizeZagats restaurant guides ? ?????9.3 vs.
?3.5 sig. ?? Cookbooks??? ? portion size ??????
? food?????????? ???? ? F?????! ?????????????,
???????.???? ecology(??)????.
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??,...
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New interests(in the last 5 years)

• obession with diet and health
• food carcionogenic, artery-clogging, obesity
  producing(?????,????,??)
• to learn from the French
• Difference in attitudes( Rozin et al.,
  1999)?health?
• reject, reject, reject
• Why does it differa portion( Rozin, 1998, 1999)
• negativity bias
• Negativity dominance, Rozin Royzman, 2001

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New interests(in the last 5 years)

• pleasures of eating
• Daniel Kahneman the nature of pleasure
• experienced, anticipated, and remembered
  pleasure ?how people anticipate, experience, and
  remember meals
• Ethnopolitical conflict??????
• Interdisciplinary anthoropology, history,
  sociology
• APA, Seligman the Solomon Asch Center for Study
  of Ethnopolitical Conflict

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New interests(not mentioned)

• natural preference
• ?????????(??????)
• ?????????????natural( food)???????????????
• natural?nature?? The nature of natural
• Natural ???,????????????
• ??????????????
• ???

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???

• ??????????,?????
• ??(??)- ??(?)- ????(??)?3?????????????
• ????,???3??????????????,????????(??,??,???,??,????
  ????)
• Rozin?,????????????????????landmark???
• ???,???????????.

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???(??)????
?

• ?????,??????????????,???????????????

1 ??????,??????? 2 ????????,????????????? 3
??????????????,????????????? 4 ????????,??????????
????????? 5 ????????????,???????
32?????????????????.
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???(??)????

• ?????,??????????????,???????????????

1 ??? o? 2 ????????,??? 1? 3
?????????? 5? 4 ????????,????????? 16? 5
????????? 10?
(81.2)
32?????????????????.
mean 4.09
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???(??)????

• ?????,?????????????????????????
• ?????????,?????????????

1 ????????,????????????? 2 ????????,??????????????
? 3 ????,????????????? 4 ????????,?????????????? 5
???????,??????????????
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???(??)????

• ?????,??????????????,???????????????

1 ??? o? 2 ????????,??? 1? 3
?????????? 5? 4 ????????,????????? 16? 5
????????? 10?
2.08 3.38 3.60
4.09
3.26
mean
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???(??)????

• ???
• 80??????????????????,????????????,???????????????
  .
• 15?(47,???)????,5???1????????????????!
• ?(???)???????????.
• ???,?????????????????MW???????(????).
• ?????,???,???????????!?

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???(??)????

• ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• Yes! ?????????,????????????????!
• Yes!?????????,?????????!

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Specific hungers

• Curt Richter(1930s- 1940s)
• nutrientsdeficiency ?compensate
• hunger, innate ? 40 hungers!
• food aversion learning, food preference learnig
  food neophobia(sampling strategies, innate)
• adaptive specialization, belongingness,
  preparednessmodularity

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Reading acquisition

• adaptive specialization
• learning to speak is much harder than learning
  the mapping of 26 letters to souds
• we were biologically adapted to learn language
  by the ear-mouth route
• 1????????????????????????????????!
• memory, amnesia(cognitive neuroscience)

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Cuisine, flavoring acquisition of likes

• human flavor preferences
• Coffee, tobacco, very sour foods, irritant spices
• human food selection

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Research topics( Rozin, 2003)

• Specific hungers
• Reading acquisition
• Cuisine, flavoring acquisition of likes
• Finding flavor between taste and smell
• Craving
• Disgust, contagion magical thinking
• Culture, social structure, moralization
• New Interests( natural, negativity bias)

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there is no doubt that the best predictor of the
food preferences, habit and attitides of any
particular human would be information about his
ethnic grouprather than any biological measure
that one might imagine. (Rozin, 1982, p.
227) ?????????,??????????????????.