Delian League

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Delian League

• After the Persian threat subsided, the Greek
  poleis had conflicts among themselves
• The poleis formed an alliance called the Delian
  League
• Athens supplied most of the military force and
  the other poleis provided financial support
• Sparta did not join the league
• In the absence of the Persian threat, eventually
  the other poleis came to resent financing
  Athenss bureaucracy and construction projects
• The resulting tensions led to the Peloponnesian
  War (431-404) in which the poleis divided up into
  two sides led by Athens and Sparta

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The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)

• The war went back and forth until 404 when the
  Spartans and their allies forced Athens to
  surrender
• Conflicts continued however and the world of the
  poleis steadily lost power
• Alexander the Great is going to step into this
  power vacuum (next lesson)

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Alexander the Great and His Legacy
Main Idea Alexander the Great formed a huge
empire, spread Greek culture into Egypt and many
parts of Asia, and paved the way for a new
civilization to develop in those areas.

• Reading Focus
• How did Alexander the Great rise to power?
• What was life like in the culture called the
  Hellenistic world that developed after
  Alexanders death?
• What were some significant Hellenistic
  achievements?

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Alexander the Great
Macedonia rose to power and took control of
Greece in the years that followed the
Peloponnesian War.
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Philip II

• Ruled Macedonia from 359-336 B.C. and transformed
  it into a powerful military machine
• Moved into northern Greece and met little
  resistance due to residual effects of
  Peloponnesian War
• By 338 he had Greece under his control

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Macedonia
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• Alexander Becomes King
• Philips conquests might have continued, but he
  was assassinated
• Title, plans for conquests fell to son, Alexander
  the Great
• Alexander only 20, but had been trained to rule
  almost from birth
• Learned warfare and politics from father, mother,
  and Aristotle

• Alexanders Conquests
• Alexander faced almost immediately with revolts
  in Greece
• Set out to reestablish control
• Used harsh measures to show rebellion not
  tolerated
• Crushed Theban army and sold people into slavery,
  burned city

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Empire Building
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Expanding the Empire

• With defeat of Darius, Alexander the master of
  Persian world
• Troops marched to Persepolis, a Persian capital,
  burned it to ground as sign of victory
• But Alexander not satisfied with size of empire
• Led army deeper into Asia, winning more victories
• Led army to the Indus, perhaps to conquer India
• Soldiers had had enough, refused to proceed
  farther from home
• Alexander forced to turn back to west

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Conquests of Alexander

• Ionia and Anatolia 333
• Syria, Palestine, Egypt 332
• Mesopotamia 331
• Persepolis 331
• King of Persia 330
• India 327
• Returns to Susa 324
• Dies (age 33) 323

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Building Greek Cities in the East
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End of the Empire
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The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
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After Alexander

• After Alexander died, his generals jockeyed for
  power and by 275 they had divided up his kingdom
  into three large states
• Antigonus took Greece and Macedon
• Ptolemy took Egypt
• Seleuces took the former Achaemenid empire
• The period of Alexander and his successors is
  called the Hellenistic period to reflect the
  broad influence of Greek culture beyond Greeces
  borders

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The Hellenistic World
By bringing together a number of diverse peoples
in his empire, Alexander helped create a new type
of culture. It was no longer purely Greek, or
Hellenic, but Hellenistic, or Greeklike.
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Alexandria and Beyond

• Center of Culture
• With trade money, Alexandrians built great
  palaces, streets lined with monuments city was
  home to centers of culture, learning
• The Museum, temple to spirit of creativity, home
  to many works of art

• Center of Learning
• Library of Alexandria contained works on
  philosophy, literature, history, sciences
• Alexandria remained center of culture, learning
  long after Hellenistic period

• Trading Centers
• Alexandria one of largest trading centers, but
  not only one in Hellenistic world
• Cities in Egypt, Persia, Central Asia trading
  centers for Africa, Arabia, India
• Traders brought back goods, new ideas like
  teachings of Judaism

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Life in the Hellenistic World
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Hellenistic Achievements

• Blending of cultures brought significant changes
• Exchange of ideas from different cultures
• New advances in philosophy, literature and science

The most influential new school was Stoicism,
with emphasis on reason, self-discipline,
emotional control and personal morality. Stoics
believed people should find their proper role in
society and fulfill it.
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Art and Literature

• Art and literature also changed during
  Hellenistic Period
• Hellenistic artists learned to convey emotion,
  movement in works, especially sculpture
• Women became much more common as subject of art,
  literature
• Most earlier Greek statues had depicted men
• Love stories became popular form for first time
• Earlier literature dealt with actions of gods
• Hellenistic writings focused on common events in
  peoples everyday lives

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Science and Technology

• Tremendous advances in science, technology during
  this period
• Among great Egyptian scholars, Euclid formulated
  many ideas about geometry we still learn about
  today
• Egypt also home of Eratosthenes, who calculated
  size of the world
• Other Hellenistic scientists studied the movement
  of the stars the makeup and inner workings of
  the human body

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The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World