European Nations Settle North America

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European Nations Settle North America

• Ch. 20 Sec. 2

2
Bellringer 9/25/2013

• 1. Which European country was the leader in
  developing and applying 15th Century sailing
  innovations?
• 2. The French and Indian War was a conflict over
  what land area in North America?
• 3. What are mestizos?

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Answer 9/25/2013

• 1. Portugal
• 2. the Ohio River Valley
• 3. Persons of Spanish and Native American
  descent.

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Agenda 9/25/2013

• Bellringer
• CNN Student News (if possible)
• Finish notes on the colonization of the Americas
• Review Guide on the Age of Exploration and the
  Colonization of the Americas
• Study Guide Due tomorrowThursday, September
  26th, 2013

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Competing Claims in North America

• Spains successful colonization in the Americas
  spurred other European countries in colonizing
  new lands as well.
• France, England, and the Netherlands wanted to
  find a more direct route to Asia.
• Not finding a route through N. America, these
  countries instead, estd. colonies.

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New France

• da Verrazzano, an Italian sailing for France in
  1524 discovered what is today New York Harbor.
• 10 yrs. Later Jacques Cartier reached a gulf of
  the E. coast of Canada, a river that he named
  the St. Lawrence.
• Sailed to a Mtn on an island, called it Mount
  Royal, present day Montreal.

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New France (contd.)

• 1608 Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St.
  Lawrence w/ 32 colonists and founded Quebec.
• This became the base of Frances colonial empire
  in N. Amer. Known as New France.
• 1673 Fre. Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette
  trader Louis Joliet explored the Great Lakes
  upper Miss. River.
• Nearly 10 yrs later, Sieur de La Salle explored
  the lower Miss. He claimed the entire river
  valley for Fra., named it Louisiana in honor of
  LouisXIV.

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New France (contd.)

• By the early 1700s, New France covered much of
  what is now the mid-west US eastern Canada.
• Trade Fra.s empire was vast but sparse in
  population. Most colonists were fur trappers
  Catholic priest trying to convert the natives.

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The English in N. America

• In 1606, London investors received a charter from
  King James to found a colony in N. Amer.
• The settlers claimed the land The company sent
  3 ships more than 100 settlers 4mos later, in
  1607 they reached the coast of Virginia.
• named the settlement Jamestown, in honor of the
  king.
• Jamestowns start was disastrous settlers wanted
  to find gold instead of planting crops.
• 7 out of 10 died of hunger, disease, or battles
  with Native Americans.
• After relocation, colonists eventually began to
  thrive, after tobacco was discovered.

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The Puritans

• 1620 a group known as the Pilgrims founded a
  2nd English colony, Plymouth, MA.
• Pilgrims came to New England seeking religious
  freedom.
• 10yrs. Later the Puritans also sought religious
  freedom, estd. a larger colony in Mass.
• The Puritans wanted to create a model community
  that would set an ex. for other Christians to
  follow.

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The Dutch

• 1609- Henry Hudson sailed for the Netherlands in
  search of a northwest sea route to Asia.
• He did not find that route, but explored 3
  waterways named for him Hudson River, Hudson
  Bay, Hudson Strait.
• The Dutch claimed lands along these water ways
  estd. fur trade w/ Iroquois Indians.
• 1621 Dutch Gov. allowed colonization they were
  New Netherland.

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Colonizing the Caribbean

• During the 1600s European nations colonized the
  Caribbean.
• France controlled Haiti, Guadeloupe,
  Martinique.
• England Barbados Jamaica.
• Dutch In 1634 they captured the Netherlands
  Antilles Aruba from Spain.
• Europeans built huge cotton sugar plantations.

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The Struggle for North America

• The English felt that New Netherland separated
  their northern southern colonies.
• 1664-Duke of York was given permission to drive
  out Dutch.
• Dutch surrendered w/out a shot, D. of York
  renamed colony New York.
• Eng. Colonized the Atlantic Coast by 1750 about
  1.2mill lived in 13 colonies.

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England Battles France

• Better colonies meant more ppl, which meant more
  land. Eng. Pushed west into French territory
• 1754-a dispute be/ Fre. Brits over land claims
  in Ohio Valley led to war.
• French Indian War-both sides enlisted help of
  N. Americans, turned into a larger conflict The
  Seven Years War.
• Brits Fre fought for supremacy in Europe N
  Amer.

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Native Americans Respond

• European settlement brought mostly disaster for
  the Native Americans
• Fre Dutch developed relationships with N. A.
  due to mutual benefits of the fur trade.
• Eng. Had conflict concerning land religion.
• Unlike others Brits wanted to populate their
  colonies, pushing N. A. off of their lands.

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Native Americans Respond

• Eng seized land for more population growing
  tobacco.
• Eng considered N. Amer heathens or ppl w/out
  faith, some viewed them as agents of the devil.
• N. Americans developed similar opinions of the
  Europeans.

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Settlers Native Americans Battle

• Hostility led to warfare, 1622-Powhatan tribe
  attacked villages around Jamestown killed about
  350 settlers.
• During the nxt few yrs, colonists struck back
  killed 100s of Powhatan.
• King Philips War-1675, Na.Amer Metacom(King
  Philip) led attacks on villages thru Mass.
• Both sides massacred 100s of victims, after a yr
  of fighting, the colonists defeated the natives.
• More destructive than wars were the diseases that
  Europeans brought to N. America.

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Review Guide

• You will need your notes, vocabulary, and
  textbook to answer the questions.
• These questions are intended to help review
  concepts, people, and other information covered
  on your test.
• Your test is on Friday!
• Honors please prepare to write a 5 paragraph
  essay on your test. The topic will be given to
  you on tomorrow.!