Greek Achievements

1
Greek Achievements

• Art, Philosophy, Science

2
Statues and Paintings

• People were portrayed in their ideal form, paying
  close attention to details.
• Marble and stone were realistically carved,
  showing muscle and detail of fabric.
• Painting on pottery were usually only done in two
  colors (red and black)

3
Orders of Architecture

• Greek architecture had three orders Doric,
  Ionic, Corinthian.
• Each of these orders is clear when you look at
  the buildings columns.

Doric
(simple)
Ionic
(scrolls)
Corinthian
(acanthus leaves)
4
Temples

• Were designed using columns on the exterior
• The Parthenon is the most impressive of temples
  still standing
• The exterior and interior were decorated with
  carvings
• Phidias created a large statue of Athena on the
  inside

5
Writing

• Greeks created new forms of writing (drama and
  history)
• Drama was part of religious ceremonies.
• Scenes were performed by actors and singers to
  honor the gods.
• Attending these plays became one of the most
  popular form of entertainment

6
Writers of Tragedies

• Described hardships faced by Greek heroes
• Famous writers of tragedy
• Aeschylus - the father of tragedy
• Sophocles wrote the famous play Oedipus the
  King, about a man who unknowingly kills is his
  father.

7
Comedies

• Made fun of people and ideas
• Aristophanes - used comedy to make serious points
  about war, courts of law, and famous people

8
History

• Thucydides was an Athenian who wrote about the
  Peloponesian War.
• He tried to keep his account neutral.
• Other historians after Thucydides wrote in a
  similar style.

9
Philosophy

• A group of people who began to question the
  explanations about life that Greek mythology gave
• Believed in the power of the human mind to think,
  explain, and understand life.

10
Socrates

• The greatest philosopher
• Socratic method - would teach by presenting a
  question and then challenging the answer
• He encouraged students to question their own
  beliefs
• This made leaders angry and he was tried and
  found guilty of corrupting the youth
• His friends and students watched on as Socrates
  was given hemlock, drank it, and died

11
Plato

• Was a student of Socrates
• Started a school - The Academy
• His most famous writing was The Republic
• The Republic talked about Platos idea for an
  ideal society based on justice and fairness, and
  run by philosophers

12
Aristotle

• A student of Plato
• Believed everything should be done in moderation
  (not too greedy nor too giving)
• Believed moderation was based on reason (clear
  and ordered thinking)
• Made great advances in logic. He argued that you
  could use facts to figure out new facts.
• Aristotle inspired Greek scientists to look
  closely at the world we live in.

13
Mathematics

• Euclid - was a mathematician who focused on
  geometry
• Many of the geometry rules you study in math
  comes from him
• Hypatia - female who taught mathematics and
  astronomy

14
Medicine

• Doctors studied the human body to understand how
  it worked.
• Hippocrates - wanted to find ways to cure
  disease.
• Best known for the Hippocratic Oath - how doctors
  should behave.

15
Engineering

• Made discoveries that we still use today.
  (especially the methods in which we build large
  structures)
• Archimedes - a scientist who invented the water
  screw still used by farmers to bring water from a
  lower level to a higher one to water crops.
• Some inventors even came up with mechanical toys.

16
Review

• What were the two main types of art? (Describe)
• What were the three orders of architecture?
• Who were the three main philosophers?
• Who were Euclid and Hypatia?
• What discoveries were made in engineering?