Computer Engineering

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• Computer Engineering

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Outlines

• Overview
• Course Layout, Objective, and Relationship
• Computer Hardware
• Computer Software
• Computer Network
• Integrated Circuit Design
• Conclusion and Discussion

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Overview
4
Overview
promote
Computer system performance
IC design and fabrication techniques
enhance
5
Overview
Computer system engineering is a problem-solving
activities
Concept
System analysis and definition
Hardware
Software
Trade-off
Hardware engineering
Software engineering
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Overview

• System analysis and definition
• systematic refinement of information to be
  processed
• required functions
• desired performance
• design constraints
• validation criteria

7
Overview

• Trade-off
• A configuration is selected and functions
  allocated among potential system elements

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Overview
9
Overview

• The computer revolution

10
Overview

• The evolution of information industry

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Overview

• The electronic industry trend

12
Overview

• The development trend of PC

PostPC-generation
PC-generation
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Overview

• The IA (information appliance) productions

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Overview

• Computer System

Applications
Operating System (Windows XP)
Compiler
Software
Assembler
Firmware
Hardware
I/O system
Processor
Memory
Network Systems
Datapath Control
Digital Design
Circuit Design
Transistors
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Course Layout, Objective, and Relationship
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Computer Hardware
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Computer Hardware

• Design of Computer Systems
• Architecture level
• Functional level
• Hardware level
• Architecture
• Control flow (Von Neumann Machine)
• Data flow (Data flow computer)
• VLSI computing structure (Neural Nets)

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Computer Hardware

• Performance Evaluation
• MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second), FLOPS
• Benchmarks SPEC95,

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Computer Hardware

• Control Flow (Von Neumann Machine)

Arithmetic/ Logic Unit
Data Stream
Input Unit
Memory Unit
Output Unit
Instruction Stream
Control Flow
Control Unit
Data flow
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Computer Hardware

• Four machine organizations
• SISD Single Instruction Stream-Single Data
  Stream
• SIMD Single Instruction Stream-Multiple Data
  Stream
• MISD Multiple Instruction Stream-Single Data
  Stream
• MISD Multiple Instruction Stream- Multiple Data
  Stream

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Computer Hardware
SISD
SIMD
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IS
DS1
PU2
MU
CU
PU
MU
IS
DS
DS2
M
M
PUn
MU
DSn
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Computer Hardware
MISD
MIMD
IS 1..n
IS 1..n
CU1
CU1
PU
MU
PU
MU
DS1
IS1
DS
IS1
PU
MU
CU2
PU
MU
CU2
IS2
IS2
DS2
M
M
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PU
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Computer Hardware

• Instruction sets (hardware complexity)
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
• RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
• a limited and simple instruction set
• a large number of general-purpose registers
• an emphasis on optimizing the instruction
  pipeline
• Instruction cycles
• fetch phase
• execution phase

fetch phase
execution phase
instruction cycle
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Computer Hardware

• Solutions
• pipelining
• prefetch
• instruction queue
• multiple instruction flows

F1
E1
E2
F2
F3
E3
F4
E4
F1
F2
F3
F4
E1
E3
E4
E2
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Computer Hardware
Evolution of a computer processor
Well-mapped
Overlapped
Pipelined
Dyadic
M
Quad processor
M
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Computer Hardware

• VLSI Computing Structures
• highly parallel computing (e.g., signal/image
  processing and scientific computing)
• mapping parallel algorithms into processor arrays

28
Computer Hardware
One-dimension linear array
Two-dimensional hexagonal array
Two-dimensional square array (Systolic Array)
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Computer Software
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Computer Software

• Computer Software
• is a logical element
• is the sequences of instructions in one or more
  programming languages that comprise a computer
  application to perform some dedicated functions

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Computer Software

• Software has characteristics that considerably
  different from those hardware
• No significant manufacturing phase
• Does not wear out
• Maintenance often includes design modification
  and enhancement

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Computer Software

• Software components
• non-machine executable -- documents
• machine executable -- programs
• Programming languages
• are artificial languages
• limit vocabulary
• explicitly define grammar
• well formed rules of syntax and semantics

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Computer Software

• Software Applications
• system software -- to service other programs
• real-time software -- monitor, analyze, and
  control real world events
• business software -- business information
  processing (largest app. area)

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Computer Software

• engineering and scientific -- number crunching
  algorithms
• combinatorial software -- makes use of
  non-numerical algorithm to solve complex
  problems, AI, pattern recognition, game playing,
  theorem proving, ...

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Computer Software

• The software application area demand diverse
  skills and approaches for problem recognition and
  solution
• The software implementation must be approached by
  using a set of techniques that are application
  independent

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Computer Software

• Overview of the software engineering
  methodologies
• methodologies are procedures, techniques, and
  processes used to direct the activities of each
  phase of a software life cycle.

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Computer Software

• there are five classes of methodologies
• Process Methodology
• Data Methodology
• Object-oriented Methodology
• Semantic Methodology
• Rapidly Prototyping (None)

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Computer Network
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Computer Network

• Data communication
• For two devices linked by a transmission medium
  to exchange data, a high degree of cooperation is
  required
• Techniques
• Encoding
• Synchronization
• Error detection/correction
• Interfacing
• Multiplexing

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Computer Network

• Digital data communication
• serial transmission
• parallel transition

b7b6...b0
Tx
Rx
b7
Tx
Rx
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b0
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Computer Network
Transmission media
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Computer Network

• Communication Network
• is a shared resource that address the problems
  cited early
• the network provides for the sharing of
  transmission facilities among any stations
• is not concerned with the content of the data
  exchanged between stations
• its purpose is simply to move that data from
  source to destination

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Computer Network

• Interconnection via a communication network

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Computer Network

• Network topologies

B
B
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C
C
A
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E
D
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D
E
Star Ring Dual Ring
A
D
B
F
D
B
A
C
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Bus Tree Dual Bus
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Computer Network
B
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Dual Bus Dual Bus Mesh
Snowflake
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Computer Network
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Hub or Concentrator
O
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Bridged Ring Networks
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Computer Network

• LAN (Local Area Network)

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Computer Network

• OSI protocol model

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Computer Network
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Computer Network

• TCP/IP

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Computer Network

• Network programming

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Computer Network
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Computer Network

• Multimedia transmission

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Computer Network
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• Thank for Your Attention