?S?????? ???????? ?O? ????????O? ?????????O? SO??????O?

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?S?????? ???????? ?O? ????????O? ?????????O?
SO??????O?
?a????? ????????p. ?a?. ?.S.?a?t????
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S????S

• ?e??t? st???e??d?? s?µat?d???
• ?e??t? d???µe?? st? f?s?
• ?ata???s? d?µ??????a? s?µpa?t??

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???????G?? ?????????O?

• T??aµ?? ?e???
• ?a??d?aµ??f?t??
• ??e?t??µa???te?
• ????? St????
• ?p????e?t???? da?t????? (Storage rings)
• ?????e?t??
• ??at??e?? pa?a???????s??, p??stas?a?, d?µ??????a?
  ?e??? ?a? ?????
• ?p?d?µ? ?/?

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G?aµµ???? ?p?ta???t??

• ? 1?? ?atas?e??st??e t? 1928 ap? t??
  Wideroe.?p?t????e ?et??? ???ta µ???? 50 keV

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• ? µe?a??te??? s?µe?a ?a?ep?st?µ??
  StanfordM???? 3 km?p?ta???e? ??e?t????a ?a?
  p???t????a µ???? 50 GeV

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???????? ?p?ta???t??

• 1?? ?atas?e??st??e t? 1929 ap? t?? Lawrence
  (Cyclotron)Ep?t????e p??t???a µ???? 80 keV

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Synchrotron

• ???a??µe?? µa???t??? ped??
• ???? ?????? e????e?e? s?µat?d???

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• Fermi LaboratoryTevatron p??t???a 1 TeV
• CERNLHC (Large Hadron Collider)???t???a 14
  TeV?????e? µ???ßd?? 1150 TeV

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?e???µata

• 1968 SLAC(Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre)
• e- µ???? ta 20 GeV
• St???? p??t???a, ??? s?µe?a?? f??t?? (Hofstadter
  1950),??? s?µpa???
• G?a µe???e? e????e?e? S??das? t?? e- se µe???e?
  ????e?
• ?pa??? t?? Quark (Partons)
• ???µ?? s??das?? a?e???t?t?? t?? ?????e?a? e-

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• ??? t? 1974 ???st? e??a? ta quark
  Up,Down,Strange
• 1974 SLAC Brookheaven ?a?t?????? a?a?????? t??
  Charm quark
• ??µ?????e?ta? ap? t? s?µat?d?? j/?(3,1GeV/C2 )

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Fermilab 1977bottom quark

• ??sµ? p??t?????-st???? ?e??????s??
• Ypsilon(bottom-antibottom, e?a??et??? ß?a??ß??)
• ??asp?ta? se ?e???? µ?????? (µ- µ-)
• ??t??s? e????e?a?-?p?????sµ?? t???????????e?t??

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Fermilab 1995Top Quark

• A?a??t?s? ?e??a???? t?? bottom
• ?????? ??a p??? ?????? e????e?e?
• ?e???µata s???????µe??? desµ?? (Tevatron)

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• S?????t??s?a?t?p??t?????
• S??????s? p??t?????-a?t?p??t?????

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• ??µ??????a Top Quark 1/1011 s??????se??

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• ??a?????s?Top quark

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• Top quark ???? µe???? µ??a
• ??a e??t?µat???

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?e???µata st? CERN

• European Centre for Nuclear Research
• 1960 ??e?t?as?e??? ?e???a(Weinber-Salam)
  ??d?te?? f???a as?e???? d??aµ?? (?)1972 CERN
  ???t? pa?at???s? s??????s??
  ??d?te?a ?e?µata neutral
  current(ep?ßeßa??s? 1973)1983 SppS(Super proton
  antiprotn synchrotron)
  ???te? µet??se?? W,W-,?

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LEP Large Electron-Positron collider

• ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL
• LEP1(1989-1995) E91GeV
• ?e??t? ? Bosons

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??p?µp? gluonMe??t? ?s?????a????ep?d??se??
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• ??e?? ???????e?e? ?ept??????e??aµat???
  ep?ßeßa??s?

?aµp???S??t???sµ?? ?
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• LEP2(1996-2005) E161GeV
• ?e??t? WW- Bosons

• ???e WW- d?asp?ta?
• ??te se ?ept????-?et????
• ??te se Quark-Antiquark

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LHCLarge Hadron Collider

• ?????e?s? µ??a? s?µat?d??????a??sµ??-?p??????
  Higgs
• E??p???s? d???µe???pe?s?µµet??a
• ??e?? ?e???? S?µat?d???
• ?s?µµet??a ???? a?t?????
• S?stas? s??te???? ???? ?a? e????e?a?

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?f???

• ?at????? µ???d?? d?????s??-?e?ape?a?
• WWW