Problem, Process and Solution

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Problem, Process and Solution
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Problem-Solution

• Argumentative/Evaluative
• Your position questioning perceptive

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Suggested parts of a Problem-Solution Text

• Situation background information
• Problem lack of data, question method,
  inadequacies
• Solution how to get more data, improve method,
  overcome inadequacies
• Evaluation Assessment of the merits of the
  proposed answer

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Will your text be a problem-solution?

• HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) are commonly used in
  speech recognition algorithms. They have also
  been successfully utilized in many other
  bioinformatics problems. However, to our
  knowledge, there is no prior work that uses HMMs
  for inferring gene regulation. This remains as a
  significant avenue of research yet to be
  explored. We are hoping to be the first group to
  achieve this.

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• Often begin by reviewing the current state of
  knowledge which allows the author to raise
  questions and offer answers.

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Midposition Adverbs

• to our knowledge, there is no prior work that
  uses
• published, to do/carry out research, yet
• currently, to date, hitherto, as of yet,
  study, investigate
• Task 2 p. 86

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Role of Process

• Often necessary to describe a process
• Does your text/will your text describe a process?
  What is it?

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Passive Voice

• When/why do we use the passive
• Identifying human agents is unusual
• May find by process or by non-human agent
• The chances of finding oil are often estimated by
  seismic survey
• Write a similar sentence using concepts from your
  field

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Flow

• Write a list of words used to introduce stages in
  a sequence eg. Firstly, secondly, thirdly

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• after (a while)afterwards at first at last at
  (the same time)while first , second,
  third...thereafter concurrently soon then
  (up to) (then)later somewhat earlier shortly
  over the next (2 days)as long aslast

• as soon asbefore (that time)finally in the
  endmeanwhile next immediately next firstly ,
  secondly, thirdly...in the futuresubsequently
  at that timesince (then)so far

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Ambiguity caused by combining verbs

• The liquid is collected and kept for 24 hours
• The sample is collected and stored in a sterile
  container
• In consumer research, individuals are selected
  and interviewed by telephone

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Combining Active/Passive Voice

• Task 8 page 98

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When active is used

• When agent is important (even human)
• Einstein developed the theory of relativity
• When agent is non-human (but not always)
• The sun rises in the East
• When the coral is stressed , the coral releases
  the algae.
• If the verb indicates a change of state
• The metal expanded because of the increase in
  temperature

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Task 11 page 104
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Task 12 page 105
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Task 14
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Task 15

• Indirect Questions