Review of Trading Systems

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Review of Trading Systems

• AP World History

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Trading Systems 500 BCE to 500 CE
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Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.
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Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

• Trade in silk grew under the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC
  - AD 220) in the first and second centuries C.E.
• Central Asian herders ran caravans linking trade
  between China and urban areas in Mesopotamia.
• The 7000 mile route spanned China, Central Asia,
  Northern India, and the Roman Empire. It
  connected the Yellow River Valley to the
  Mediterranean Sea and passed through present-day
  countries Iran, Iraq and Syria.

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Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

• The Chinese traded their silk with the Indians
  for precious stones and metals such as jade,
  gold, and silver, and the Indians would trade the
  silk with the Roman Empire
• Buddhism spread from India to China because of
  trade along the Silk Route.
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Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE

• The Silk Roads included not only land routes but
  also sea lanes in the Indian Ocean.
• The Indian Ocean trade network included sailors
  from China Malaysia, Southeast Asia and Persia.
• Chinese pottery was traded along with Indian
  spices and ivory from India and Africa.

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Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE

• Sailors used the monsoon winds to chart their
  course and carry out voyages that linked sections
  from East Africa to Southern China.
• The banana came to Africa from S.E. Asia via the
  Indian Ocean. The banana spread throughout
  Sub-Saharan Africa.

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INDIAN OCEAN TRADE 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
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Trans-Saharan Trade

• It is possible the camel arrived in Africa from
  Arabia in the first century B.C.E.
• Early Saharan trade patterns included the
  exchange of salt and palm oil.
• During the days of the Roman Empire, North Africa
  also supplied Italy with olives, wheat and wild
  animals.

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Trading Systems 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.
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Silk Road Trade 600 CE to 1450 CE
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Silk Road Trade 600-1450 C.E.

• Silk Road Trade under the Tang and the Mongols
  was protected.
• Mongols kept Silk Road Trade safe.
• However, the Mongolswere also responsible for
  carrying the bubonic plague into Eurasia via the
  Silk Road.

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Indian Ocean Trade 600-1450
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Indian Ocean Trade 600-1450 C.E.

• When Silk Road trade declined with the fall of
  the Mongols, Indian Ocean trade picked up.
• The Ming also renewed focus on Indian Ocean Trade
  with the voyagers of Zheng He. These voyages
  were short-lived.
• By the 13th century, the Bantu people arrived on
  the east coast where their language merged with
  Arabic languages from Muslim traders. This
  formed the Swahili languages.

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Trans-Saharan Trade 600-1450
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Trans-Saharan Trade 600-1450

• The Saharan trade extended from the Sub-Saharan
  West African kingdoms across the Sahara desert to
  Europe. The Saharan Trade linked such African
  empires as Ghana, Mali, and Songhay to the
  European world.
• Ghana possessed a large amount of gold.
• The Desert regions of present day Morocco and
  Algeria contained huge salt resources.
• The gold-salt trade between the Ghana Empire and
  the Arab desert merchants flourished.

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Trans-Saharan Trade 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.
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Trans-Saharan Trade 600 - 1450

• Just as Buddhism reached the Chinese Empire via
  Indian merchants, Islam reached black West Africa
  through Arab merchants on caravan routes.
• During the Ghana, Mali, and Songhay empires, Arab
  merchants brought the Koran and the written
  language Arabic to the oral culture of each
  empire.
• By the 13th century, rulers of western empires
  had converted to Islam, while common people
  remained true to their polytheistic beliefs.

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Trading Systems 1450-1750
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Columbian Exchange

• Trade network that exchanged crops, livestock,
  and diseases between the Eastern and Western
  hemispheres.
• Tobacco was introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere.
• American food crops such as maize and sweet
  potatoes spread to China and parts of Africa.
• White potatoes spread to Europe and manioc to
  Africa.
• Coffee, sugar cane, wheat, rice, and bananas made
  their way across the Atlantic from the Eastern to
  the Western Hemisphere.
• Livestock such as cattles, horses, sheep, and
  pigs came to the Americas.

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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

• The Atlantic slave trade was part of a triangular
  trade that involved three segments.
• The Middle Passage was the journey that Africans
  took across the Atlantic to the Americas.

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Atlantic Slave Trade

• As many as 25 percent of the slaves who came from
  central Africa died on the march to the coast.
• It is believed that 20 percent of slaves died on
  the Middle Passage from illness or suicide.
• If supplies ran low aboard ship, some slaves were
  thrown overboard.

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Trading Systems 1750-1914
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Latin American Trade 1750-1914

• After the Latin American independence movements,
  the U.S. and Great Britain both formed trading
  partnerships with these new countries.
• The sugar plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil
  were at the heart of Latin American trade with
  Europe.

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Latin American Trade 1750-1914

• The sugar plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil
  were at the heart of Latin American trade with
  Europe.
• Brazil also produced cotton and cacao for
  European use.
• Cuban tobacco and sugar
• Mexican copper and silver
• Argentine beef
• Latin American rubber

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Trade with the Islamic World 1750-1914

• Trade in the Ottoman Empire decreased due to
  disinterest in industrialization and the
  inability of artisans to compete with European
  imports.
• Egyptian commerce suffered from European
  competition.

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Trade in China 1750-1914

• The Qing dynasty lifted restrictions on trade
  which had been established by the Ming.
• Trade in Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain brought
  in large quantities of silver which was the basis
  of the Chinese economy.
• The Chinese purchased opium from British
  merchants in India.
• British victory in the Opium War resulted in the
  opening of China to European trade.

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Trading Blocs 1914-present

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
  (OPEC) regulates oil prcies and controls oil
  distribution.
• European Union was organized to reduce tariffs
  among member nations and create a common tariff
  policy for other world nations.
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  abolished tariffs between Canada, the US, and
  Mexico.
• The World Trade Organization was established in
  1995 to organize world trade.