New Horizon College English Book 4 ???????4

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New Horizon College English Book 4???????4

• School of Foreign Studies

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Unit 6Bribery and Business Ethics
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Introduction

• In the severe competitive society,
  businessmen want to achieve their goals by using
  various kinds of means. Facing huge profits,
  some find it difficult to keep balance between
  moral standard and business interest.
• Here comes a problem
• bribery or business
  ethics?

4
Dictation

•   Business students often have to study
  professional 1
  as part of their course because many people
  feel that bribery is increasing
  . The people in the motor industry in
  3 have admitted to the fact
  that they have been making payments of one kind
  or another  bribes, extra 4 ,
  etc.  in recent years. They have spent a large
  sum of money just to keep 5
  happy and they argue to say that, because the
  market is so 6 , if they did
  not give bribes then one of their competitors
  would.

ethic
international
Britain
discounts
customers
competitive
5

• The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
  wishes to see a code of conduct that would 7
  bribery. While some members of the
  ICC would like the 8 to have the
  power of 9 , other members feel it is
  not the business of the ICC to 10
  the code and that it should only state what
  is right and wrong.

stop
code
law
enforce
6
Questions and Answers

• Listen to the tape again. Then answer the
  following questions with your own experiences.
  1. Why do business students study professional
  ethics?2. In what forms does bribery come?
• 3. What can we do to restore ethics in business?

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Contents
8
I. New Words

• 1. bribery n.
• the acting of giving or taking bribes

Example
Numerous officials get involved in the bribery
scandal.

???????????????
9
I. New Words

• 2. ethics n.
• (pl.) moral rules or principles ??
• (sing.) science that deals with moral ???

Example
dont
Medical ethics __ (dont/doesn't) permit
the doctor to do that.
Ethics __ (are/is) a branch of philosophy.
is

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Contents
11
Main Idea of The Text
The passage focuses on a social phenomenon in
business----bribery. The passage discusses
the practice of bribery in business and lists the
categories of bribery in business and how
international businessmen often face a conflict
between moral standards and the need to make
profit.
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Analysis of The Text
Problem
Bribery and Business Ethics
Analysis
Solution
13
Analysis of The Text
Part Para. Main Idea
1 1_ Bribery has become a common occurrence in many countries
2 ___ Three main categories of bribery
3 ____ The efforts to ban bribery and the result
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5
8
9
11
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Contents
15
Passage Reading

• Part I (Para.1-4) Phenomena

1. Language points
2. Questions

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Part I Problem (Para. ?)

(Paras. 1-4)
Q1 Why do students feel surprised when they find business ethics included in their business courses?
A Because they often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase. (Para. 1)
Q2 What will a businessman choose to do if he wants to make it easier to get an import license for his goods? Example?
A He may choose to stand by his principles, but, in practice, he usually prefers to bribe the official in charge. (Para. 3)
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Part I Problem (Para. ?)

(Paras. 1-4)
Q3 What other questionable practices do businessmen adopt in addition to giving money?
A They tend to pay agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offer additional discounts, and make payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (Para. 3)
Q4 Why is bribery on the increase?
A Because it seems to have become a fact of commercial life. (Para. 4)
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Bribery and Business Ethics
Para. 1 Students taking business courses are
sometimes a little surprised to find that classes
on business ethics have been included in their
schedule. They often do not realize that
bribery in various forms is on the increase in
many countries and, in some, has been a way of
life for centuries.
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• on the increase
• Synonym on the rise
• Antonyms on the decrease, on the decline

???,??????GDP??????
It is estimated that Chinas GDP is on the
increase in the first half year.
20

Para. 2 Suppose that during a negotiation with
some government officials, the Minister of Trade
makes it clear to you that if you offer him a
substantial bribe, you will find it much easier
to get an import license for your goods, and you
are also likely to avoid procedural delays, as
he puts it. Now, the question is Do you pay up
or stand by your principles?
21
1. put
state or express sth. in a particular way
????,????????
To put it simply, to learn English well, the most
important thing is to persist.
??????,????,????????
He was too trusting, or, to put it another way,
he had no head for busiess.
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2. pay up
pay all the money that one owes
?????????,?????????
If you pay up now, you will not be taken to
court.
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3. stand by
1) remain faithful to a promise, etc keep to
2) stay loyal to someone and support them,
especially when they are in trouble
??????????????
He still stands by every word she said.
?????????,?????????????
I owe so much to my family for standing by me
through all this.
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Para. 3a It is easy to talk about having high
moral standards but, in practice, what would one
really do in such a situation? Some time ago a
British car manufacturer was accused of operating
a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable
practices such as paying agents and purchasers an
exaggerated commission, offering additional
discounts, and making payments to numbered bank
accounts in Switzerland.
A numbered bank account is a bank account which
is opened by using a number instead of name in
order to keep the name of depositor secret.
25

Para. 3b The company rejected these charges and
they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that
time, there were people in the motor industry in
Britain who were prepared to say in private
Look, were in a very competitive business.
Every year were selling more than a ?1billion
worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million
pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, whos
hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would.
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1. questionable
1) Not likely to be honest, good, useful
??????????????
The conclusion that they come to are highly
questionable.
Its questionable whether the expenditure on this
project is really justified.
????????????????
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2. withdraw
1) Say that what you said earlier was not true
????,?????????????
Once in court, he withdraw the statement hed
made to the police.
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3. in private
1) With no one else present
A home is a place for relaxing in private.
??????????
????????????????
He is most reluctant to have dealings with those
who comply in public but undermine in private.
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Para. 4a It is difficult to resist the impression
that bribery and other questionable payments are
on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have
become a fact of commercial life. To take just
one example, the Chrysler Corporation, the third
largest of the US car manufacturers, revealed
that it made questionable payments of more than
2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.
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Para. 4b By announcing this, it joined more than
300 other US companies that had admitted to the
US Securities and Exchange Commission that they
had made payments of one kind or another bribes,
extra discounts, etc.in recent years. For
discussion purposes, we can divide these payments
into three broad categories.
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Summary of Part one
Part I . Bribery a common occurrence in many
countries
(Paras.14)
bribery, on the increase, a way of life
viewpoint
example1
negotiation with government official
British car manufacturer
example 2
conclusion
bribery, a fact of commercial life
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Passage Reading

• Part ? (Para.5-8) Analysis

1. Language points
2. Questions

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Part II . Three categories of bribery
(Paras.58)
Part II
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
In this part, a writing technique is employed
here
Listing Examples
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Para. 5 The first category consists of
substantial payments made for political purposes
or to secure major contracts. For example, one
US corporation offered a large sum of money in
support of a US presidential candidate at a time
when the company was under investigation for
possible violations of US business laws. This
same company, it was revealed, was ready to
finance secret US efforts to throw out the
government of Chile.
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1. secure
Obtain or achieve something, especially when this
means using a lot of effort
?????????????????
Toms fluent English helped him secure the job.
The delegation has secured the promise of a
ceasefire.
?????????????
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2. throw out
1) get rid of, make someone leave because of a
fault
??????,????????????
For one to undergo a complete change, the first
thing to throw out is ones fixed pattern of
thinking.
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Para. 6 In this category, we may also include
large payments made to ruling families or their
close advisers in order to secure arms sales or
major petroleum or construction contracts. In a
court case involving an arms deal with Iran, a
witness claimed that ?1 million had been paid by
a British company to a negotiator who helped
close a deal for the supply of tanks and other
military equipment to that country. Other
countries have also been known to put pressure on
foreign companies to make donations to party bank
accounts.
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1. close a deal
1) Complete a transaction successfully
?????????,????????????
After two years of hard negotiation, weve at
last closed a deal.
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Para. 7a The second category covers payments made
to obtain quicker official approval of some
project, to speed up the wheels of government. An
interesting example of this kind of payment is
provided by the story of a sales manager who had
been trying for some months to sell road
machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean
country. Finally, he hit upon the answer.
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Para. 7b Discovering that the minister collected
rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book,
slipped 20,000 within its pages, then presented
it to the minister. This man examined its
contents, then said, I understand there is a
two-volume edition of this work. The sales
manager, who was quick-witted, replied, My
company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir,
but we could offer you a copy with a preface! A
short time later, the deal was approved.
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1. speed up
1) Make something happen or move quickly
For anyone who wants to speed up the wheels of
his adaptability to a new environment, the most
important task is to know as much about it as
possible.
??????????????,??????????????
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2. hit upon
1) think of an idea unexpectedly
?????,???????????,???????????????
Generally speaking, many discoveries scientists
hit upon are, in effect, a natural result of
their many years of efforts.
43

Para. 8 The third category involves payments made
in countries where it is traditional to pay
people to help with the passage of a business
deal. Some Middle East countries would be
included on this list, as well as certain Asian
countries.
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Summary of Part Two
political purposes
The 1st category for _______________ ,
to ___________________.
secure major contracts
Example
One US corporation offered a large sum of
money in support of a US presidential
candidate
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Summary of Part Two
obtain quicker official approval
The 2nd category to _________________________,
to
___________________
___________________.
speed up the wheel
of government
a sales manager who had been
trying for some months to sell
road machinery to the Minister
of Works
Example
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Summary of Part Two
The 3rd category to pay people to help with
the _______ of a
business deal.
passage
Some Middle East countries would be included
on this list, as well as certain Asian countries.
Example
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Writing Device of Part Two

• What device of writing is employed herein?
• Listing supported by examples.

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Passage Reading

• Part ? (Para.9-11) Solution

1. Language points
2. Questions

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Part III . Efforts to prohibit bribery and its
prospect (Paras.911)

1. Who is making efforts to prohibit bribery?
ICC.
2. How to prohibit bribery?
Set up a code of conduct that would ban giving
and seeking of bribes.
3. What is the prospect?

• Opinions differ among members of the ICC.

• It is difficult to square business interests
• with moral conscience.

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Para. 9 Is it possible to devise a code of rules
for companies that would prohibit bribery in all
its forms? The International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) favors a code of conduct that would ban the
giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try
to distinguish between commissions paid for real
services and exaggerated fees that really amount
to bribes. A council has been proposed to manage
the code.
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1. a code of conduct
In a society of honesty, it is true for peoples
code of conduct that they treat each other with
all sincerity.
???????,?????????????
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2. amount to
1) have the same effect as
??????????????,????????????.
If you always live in a state of ignorance, you
will never amount to anything all your life.
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Para. 10 Unfortunately, opinions differ among
members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the
code. The British members would like the system
to have enough legal power to make companies
behave themselves. However, the French delegates
think it is the business of governments to make
and impose law. The job of a business community
like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong,
but not to impose anything.
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1. behave oneself to act in a way that people
think is correct or proper

• He is now 20, its time that he started behaving
  himself.
• ??????????

???????,??????????? I hope the children behave
themselves.
55

Para. 11 In a well-known British newspaper, a
writer argued recently that industry is caught
in a web of bribery and that everyone is on the
take. This is probably an exaggeration. However,
todays businessman, selling in overseas markets,
will frequently meet situations where it is
difficult to square his business interests with
his moral conscience.
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1. on the take be willing to do sth. Wrong in
return for money
?????????,??????????
He who is always on the take is in line for great
losses in time.
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2. square with to make two ideas, facts
agree with each other to agree or to be
consistent with another idea, fact
The official, though at home with the art of
flattering, is still afraid of failure to square
his conduct with the intention of his superior.
???????????,????????????????????
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Contents
59
Summary of the Text
increase
Bribery in various forms is on the _________
in many countries, and even a way of life for
centuries. If an official clearly tells that if
you offer him a _________ bribe, youll easily
get an import license and avoid procedure
delays, do you ________ or ________ your
principles? Bribery and other questionable
payments indeed have become a fact of __________
life. We divide these payments into ______ broad
categories. The first category consists of
substantial payments made for ______ purposes or
to secure major_________. The second category
covers payments made to obtain quicker
official _________
substantial
pay up
stand by
commercial
three
political
contracts
approval
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Text StudySummary
speed up

• of some project, to ________ the wheel of
  government. The third category involves payments
  made into countries where it is traditional to
  pay people to help with the ________ of a
  business deal. But how to prohibit bribery in all
  its forms? ICC favors a code of conduct that
  would ban the ______ and ______ of bribes.
  Unfortunately, opinions differ among the members
  of ICC concerning how to _______ the code.
  Anyway, todays businessman will frequently meet
  situations where it is difficult to _______
• his business interests ______ his moral
  conscience.

passage
giving
seeking
enforce
square
with
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Contents
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Group Debate To Pay Up or
Stand By?

• Suppose you are the sales manager
  mentioned in our text, what would you do to get
  your job fulfilled? Pay the bribe or just stand
  by the business ethics?
• Discuss with your group members. Decide
  your viewpoint and state the reasons.

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Translation
1. It really got my dander up when ________
_____________________ (?????????).
she began
accusing me of dishonesty
persuasion
bribery
threats
2. We tried _________, _______and _______
(????????), but the guard still wouldnt let us
pass.
3. __________ (???), women receive much lower
wages than their male colleagues.
In practice
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Translation
amount to
4. Dont you understand? His words _________
(???) that he wants some cash.
5. ____________________ (?????) while I was
away?
Did Peter behave himself
6. Youre not a 3-year-old child. _______________
__________________________ (???????).
You should square
your practice with your principles
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Thanks for your attention