The Indian Subcontinent Gains Independence

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The Indian Subcontinent Gains Independence

• Chapter 18 / Section 1

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A Movement Toward Independence
Country that ruled India for years before the end
of WWII?
Great Britain had suffered enormous costs from
the war. Government starts to question
imperialism. Acceptable in Post WWII World?
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Independence Brings Partition to India

• Amritsar Massacre beginning of end for British in
  India (1919).
• Led to Gandhis movement. KNOWN FOR WHAT?
• Two Parties emerge in India vying for power.

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Independence Brings Partition to India (contd)

• Congress Party, or Indian Congress.
• National Party mostly made up of Hindus.
• India 350 million Hindus.

• Muslim League, organization created in India to
  protect Muslim interests
• India 100 million Muslims.

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Independence Brings Partition to India (contd)

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League
  would never accept Indian independence dominated
  by Hindus.

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Independence Brings Partition to India (contd)

• Violence broke out between the Hindus and Muslims
  in India.
• Lord Louis Mountbatten, was the last British
  viceroy of India.
• Thought way for peace was to split Muslims and
  Hindus.
• HOW? Partition, meaning?
• Led to more violence in the region, Summer of
  1947.

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Modern India

• By August 15, 1947 India was free led by
  Jawaharlal Nehru, the first independent Prime
  Minister.
• One of Gandhis followers.
• Emphasized democracy, unity, and economic
  modernization.
• Biggest issues Kashmir. (Hindu vs. Muslim)

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Modern India (contd)

• Upon Nehrus death in 1964 his daughter Indira
  Gandhi becomes Prime Minister.
• While in office she raised production of food
  grains.
• However, her successor and son Rajiv Gandhi was
  accused of corruption and driven from office.

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Pakistan and Sri Lanka

• Pakistan independent in 1947.
• Struggle for stability in government.
• Benazir Bhutto, twice elected Prime Minister but
  driven out.
• Sri Lanka also struggles for stability because
  of different religions in the country.