I. U.S. Involvement in WWII and the Home Front

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I. U.S. Involvement in WWII and the Home Front
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A. Presidential Election of 1940

• 1. Democratic Candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt
  ran for an unprecedented third term
• 2. Republican Candidate Wendell Willkie
• 3. Electoral Count FDR 449 to Willkie 82.
  Popular vote much closer.

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FDR and Wendell Willkie
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Electoral Map of 1940Red FDRBlue Willkie
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B. U.S. Foreign Policy1940s Franklin D.
Roosevelt

• 1. By 1940, France had fallen to the Germans and
  Britain was in great financial crisis
• 2. Washington was questioning the wisdom of
  neutrality
• 3. Congress passed the first peacetime draft on
  September 6, 1940

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C. From Cash and Carry to Lend-Lease

• 1. As a result of Britains financial crisis, the
  U.S. passed the Lend-Lease Bill, patriotically
  number HR 1776, in March of 1941
• 2. The Lend-Lease Bill eventually provided over
  50 billion worth of arms and equipment to those
  nations fighting aggressors
• 3. This was a direct change in the Neutrality
  Laws of the 1930s

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FDR Signs the Lend-Lease Bill
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D. Undeclared War

• 1. The Axis Powers viewed the Lend-Lease Bill as
  an unofficial declaration of war
• 2. German U-Boats began attacking U.S. merchant
  ships and U.S. destroyers in the Atlantic
• 3. Robin Moor Merchant ship sunk by u-boat
• 4. Greer- Destroyer, attacked

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• 5. Kearny Destroyer, crippled but not sunk
• 6. Ruben James Destroyer sunk with a loss of
  over 100 men
• 7. Congress provided for the legal arming of
  merchant ships

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E. Atlantic Charter

• 1. Secret meeting between FDR and Churchill on a
  warship off the coast of Newfoundland
• 2. Both leaders agreed that the people had the
  right to choose their own form of government and
  proposed a new League of Nations (many other
  factors were included)

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The Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of
friendship in August 1941. Solidifies
alliance. Fashioned after Wilsons 14
Points. Calls for League of Nations type
organization.
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F. Pearl Harbor

• 1. Japan joined the Berlin-Rome Axis in June of
  1940
• 2. Late 1940, Washington imposed the first of
  many embargoes on Japan Japan was VERY
  dependent on U.S. steel, scrap iron, and oil

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Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940
The Tripartite Pact
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• 3. Negotiations between Japan and Washington
  took place in November and early December of 1941
• 4. U.S. State Department insisted the Japanese
  leave China if they complied the U.S. would
  begin some trade
• 5. Japan refused the offer which meant war
• 6. U.S. officials were aware of this decision
  early cracked the code of the Japanese
  diplomats to Japan

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• 7. As a democracy the U.S. could not strike first
• 8. U.S. knew the Japanese would attack in the
  Pacific they did not know where

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• 9. DECEMBER 7, 1941 Sunday morning without
  warning Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
  over 2,000 Americans died
• 10. A date which will live in infamy FDR
  addressed Congress the following day Congress
  was one vote shy of a unanimous decision for war
• 11. December 11, 1941 Italy and Germany
  declared war on the U.S.

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G. Wartime Production and the Economy

• 1. War Production Board took charge of American
  industry
• 2. 1942 production 40 billion bullets 300, 000
  aircrafts 76,000 ships 86,000 tanks, and 2.6
  million machine guns

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WAR PRODUCTION BOARD

• To ensure the troops had ample resources, FDR
  created the WPB
• The WPB decided which companies would convert to
  wartime production and how to best allocate raw
  materials to those industries

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• 3. Office of Price Administration
• 4. Took control of inflation of scare goods
• 5. Rationing of meat and butter held down
  consumption
• 6. War Labor Board
• 7. Imposed ceilings on wage increases
• 8. Rash of labor walkouts increased due to the
  resentment of wage restrictions

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COLLECTION DRIVES

• The WPB also organized nationwide drives to
  collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and
  cooking fat for recycling
• Additionally, the OPA set up a system of
  rationing
• Households had set allocations of scarce goods
  gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

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WWII Poster encouraging conservation
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Paying for the War
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Paying for the War
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Paying for the War
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• 9. Wartime cost over 330 billion
• 10. 2/5 of the cost were paid from current
  revenue
• 11. Remainder was borrowed national debt went
  from 49 billion 1941 to 259 billion in 1945

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H. Office of War Mobilization
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I. Japanese Internment

• 1. Washington feared that some
  Japanese-Americans might act as spies for Japan
• 2. Over 110,000 Japanese-Americans (2/3 were
  American born U.S. Citizens) were forced into
  internment camps in 1942

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Japanese Internment
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• Supreme Court upheld this decision in 1944
• Korematsu v. U.S.
• 1988 the U.S. Government officially apologized
  for its actions and approved payment of
  reparations of 20,000 to each survivor

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J. Womanpower

• 1. The armed services enlisted over 15 million
  men and 216,000 women
• 2. WAACS (army), WAVES (navy), SPARS (coast
  guard) non-combat duties
• 3. 6 million women worked outside of the home

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• 4. Rosie the Riveter
• 5. Governmental day-cares were created to care
  for over 3,000 children

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K. Migration Shifts

• 1. War industries created major migration shifts
  and boomtowns such as Los Angeles, Detroit, Baton
  Rouge
• 2. The South received a large amount of defense
  contracts origins of the postwar Sunbelt

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Origins of the Sunbelt resulted from WWII
Migration Shifts
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• 3. 1.6 million African-Americans left the South
  to find jobs in the West and North
• 4. Racial tensions erupted across the country
• 5. A. Philip Randolph threatened a march on
  Washington in 1941 to demand equal employment
  opportunities
• 6. FDR responded with the creation of the FEPC
  and an executive order to forbid discrimination
  in defense industries