Earth

1
Earths Natural Resources

• Chapter 4
• Energy and Mineral Resources
• Alternative Energy Resources
• Wind, Air, and Land Resources
• Protecting Resources

2
Energy and Mineral Resources

• Renewable and Nonrenewable resources.
• Renewable resource replenished over a fairly
  short period of time.
• Exs)
• Nonrenewable resources takes millions of years
  to form and accumulate.
• Exs)

3
Place a star on the renewables and an X on the
nonrenewables
4
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources

• Fossil Fuels A hydrocarbon that may be used as
  a source of energy.
• Coal
• Oil / Petroleum
• Natural Gas

5
Coal

• Passes through 4 stages of development.
• Read page 95 in the text
• List the 4 stages of the development of coal
  below.

6
Coal

• More than 70 of the coal mined today is used by
  powerplants to generate electricity.
• Where is most of the coal located in Pa?
• What type of coal is located there?
• Burning coal creates acid rain

7
Petroleum and Natural Gas

• How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)
• What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating
  to the surface?
• Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.

8
Tar Sands

• Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?
• What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from
  tar sands?
• Where is most of the worlds oil shales?

9
Formation of Mineral Deposits

• Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for .
• Some of the most important mineral deposits form
  through
• igneous processes
• As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the
  bottom
• hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions
• As the water cools metallic ion separate out of
  solution
• placer deposits
• Gold is popular placer deposit!

10
Nonmetallic mineral resources

• Divided into two groups
• Building materials
• Industrial minerals
• Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.

11
Alternative Energy Resources

• Solar
• Nuclear
• Wind
• Hydroelectric
• Geothermal
• Tidal

12
Using your textbook, outline each of the types of
alternative energy resources on a separate sheet
of paper

• Your outline should be in the following format
• Alternative Energy Source (e.g. Solar Energy)
• Renewable, or nonrenewable?
• Simple description of how it works to capture
  energy in your own words.
• Advantages
• List
• Disadvantages
• List

13
Water, Air, and Land Resources

• Nearly 71 of Earths surface is water!
• About 2 fresh water
• 1.6 of fresh water is ice at the poles
• Less than 1 of Earths fresh water is usable

14
Water Pollution

• There are two types of water pollution
• Point source pollution
• Comes from a known and specific location
• You can point to it
• Nonpoint source pollution
• Does not have a specific point of origin
• Difficult to identify a specific source
• Runoff
• Water that flows over the land rather than
  seeping into the ground
• Largest source of water pollution in the United
  States!

15
Point source or nonpoint sources of water
pollution?
16
The Atmosphere - Earths Blanket of Air

• Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth
• Nitrogen - 78
• Oxygen - 21
• Trace gases - 1
• CO2
• Argon

17
Air Pollution

• Pollution can change the chemical composition of
  the air disrupting natural cycles.
• Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air
  pollution
• Motor vehicles
• Coal and oil fired powerplants

18
Burning fossil fuels releases

• Carbon Monoxide
• Nitrogen Oxide
• Soot
• When they combine with water vapor in the air
  they create acid rain
• When they combine with sunlight smog is produced

19
Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas
• Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun
• The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased
  since the industrial revolution began in the 19th
  century
• The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle
  and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower
  atmosphere (global warming)

20
Land Resources

• Land provides soil and forests, as well as
  mineral and energy resources.
• How do land resources impact your daily life?
• Soil - to grow the food you eat
• Forests - to build your home, furniture, paper
• Petroleum - Energy, plastics
• Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket
• Removing and using these resources can take a
  heavy toll on the environment!

21
Strip mines - drastically changes the landscape

• Destroys vegetation
• Causes soil erosion
• Creates pollution contaminating soil and water
• Destroys ecosystems

22
More damage to land resources

• Agriculture
• extensive irrigation systems
• Fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Genetically modified food
• Forestry - Removal of virgin forests
• Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species
• Landfills and waste facilities
• Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground
  water

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24

• Look it up
• How many plastic water bottles do we throw away
  each year?
• Year?
• Day?
• Hour?
• Minute?
• Second?

25
Protecting Resources

• Each year we throw out about
• 30 million cell phones
• 8 million TVs
• 18 million computers
• Enough tires to circle the 3 times
• Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!
• We have 6 of the worlds population yet we
  produce 33 of the worlds garbage!

26
How can keep ourselves in check?

• Many think conservation and pollution prevention
  are the answers.
• Conservation is the careful use of resources.
• Pollution prevention means stopping pollution
  from entering the environment.

27
At your table, come up with 10 conservation
methods you can use in your daily lives.

28
Keeping water clean and safe

• 1970s
• Government began passing laws to prevent and
  decrease pollution.
• Clean Water Act (1972) The CWA went after
  industries to reduce or eliminate point sources
  of pollution into surface waters.
• Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) helped protect
  drinking water resources.

29
Protecting the Air

• In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act.
• Nations most important air pollution law
• Because of the CAA motor vehicles and power
  plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate
  harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion
• Energy Conservation Cleaner Air
• How does turning off the lights when youre not
  using them decrease air pollution?

30
Caring for Land Resources

• Preventing pollution and managing land resources
  wisely!
• Farmers
• Contour plowing plowing across a hillside
  reduces runoff
• Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as
  a last resort)
• Forestry
• Selective cutting rather than clear cutting
  preserves habitats and conserves resources

31
What you can do to care for the land

• Start a compost pile!
• Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)
• Conserve water, and electricity
• The three Rs
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle