26-2: CENTURIES OF TURMOIL

1
26-2 CENTURIES OF TURMOIL

• By T.j. Z updated by Mr. Dougherty

2
Lesson Questions

• What changes did foreign invaders bring to the
  Middle East?
• What were the strengths of the Ottoman Empire?
• Why were the Ottoman and Safavid empires rivals?

3
Vocabulary

• Crusade- a holy war
• Millet- non-Muslim communities
• Shah- kings

4
Foreign Invaders

• In about the year 1000, nomads from Central Asia
  started overrunning the Middle East
• The Seljuks, a Turkish-speaking people, seized
  Baghdad in 1055
• In 1258 the Mongols, a horse-riding warrior,
  captured Baghdad and then destroyed it

5

• The carved portal of the Ince Minare Medrese (or
  school) at Konya, Turkey. The Seljuk Turks began
  settling in the lands of the Abbasid caliphate as
  early as the 10th century, gaining control of the
  capital, Baghdad, in 1055. After a split in the
  empire, the Seljuks remained in power in
  Anatolia, with Konya as their capital. The
  calligraphy on the door of this building shows
  Seljuk architecture and art in the 13th century

6
Crusaders

• A third group then invaded the Middle East from
  Europe
• Pope Urban II called for a crusade against the
  Muslims
• Their goal was to capture Palestine, known to
  them as the Holy City because Jesus had live and
  died there
• In 1187 Saladin drove the Christians out of
  Jerusalem

7
The First Crusade
8
Europe cringes at Bush 'crusade' against
terrorists

• President Bush's reference to a "crusade" against
  terrorism, which passed almost unnoticed by
  Americans, rang alarm bells in Europe. It raised
  fears that the terrorist attacks could spark a
  'clash of civilizations' between Christians and
  Muslims, sowing fresh winds of hatred and
  mistrust. His use of the word "crusade," said
  Soheib Bensheikh, Grand Mufti of the mosque in
  Marseille, France, "was most unfortunate", "It
  recalled the barbarous and unjust military
  operations against the Muslim world," by
  Christian knights, who launched repeated attempts
  to capture Jerusalem over the course of several
  hundred years.
• By Peter Ford, Staff writer of The Christian
  Science Monitor / September 19, 2001

9
Saladin A Noble Warrior

• The Muslims needed Saladin, a noble knight, to
  unite them with Syria and Egypt
• He beat the Christians in an epic battle 1187
  when the Christians ran out of supplies and many
  died of thirst
• He was merciful and allowed the Christians to buy
  their freedom or be placed into captivity

10
A Crucial Battle for Saladin
11
Ottoman Empire

• Emerged in the early 1300s in Anatolia
• Captured Constantinople in 1453 ending the 1,000
  year old Byzantine Empire
• Lasted for more than 500 years!
• Looked at people they conquered as slaves
• Each local government had their own millet

12
A map showing the rise of the Ottoman Empire from
its origins around 1300 A.D. to its greatest
extent in the 16th century.
13
The Ottoman Empire
14
Suleiman I

• Ruled from 1520 to 1566. During his reign, the
  Ottoman Empire became a world power. He added
  territory to the empire - eastern Europe, North
  Africa and the Middle East. The people of the
  empire experienced fair rule of law and religious
  tolerance, and the arts flourished.

15
Suleiman Rules the Ottoman Empire
16
The Safavid Empire

• Emerged in about 1500 in what is today Iran
• They reached their height under Abbas the Great
  who was their ruler from 1587 to 1629
• He strongly encouraged trade and commerce
• Were finally overthrown in 1736

17

• Shah Abbas I, also known as Abbas the Great, who
  ruled Persia from 1587 to 1629. The greatest
  Safavid ruler, Abbas reorganized and centralized
  the administration, bringing rebellious outlying
  tribes under state control. Roads, canals, and
  way stations (caravanserai) were constructed,
  facilitating trade and commerce. His new capital
  at Isfahan became an architectural wonder. During
  his reign the Portuguese were expelled from the
  Persian Gulf, and commercial treaties were made
  with England and Holland.

18
THE END