Title: DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)
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2genetics
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vB_PQ8qYtUL0
3DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Located in the nucleus
- Instructions for how to make proteins
4Watson Crick
Determined the shape/structure of DNA in 1953
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6Rosalind Franklin
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8Structure
- Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick
developed a three dimensional model of DNA - This model of DNA consisted of two strands which
were wound around each other like a twisted
ladder. This structure is known as a double helix
9Every living thing has DNA. That means that
you have something in common with a zebra, a
tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!
10- Three critical things genes need to do
- 1.) genes need to carry information from one
generation to the next - 2.) put that information to work by determining
the heritable characteristics of organisms - 3.) genes need to be easily copied
11DNA is like a fingerprint because everyones is a
little different!
You can tell people apart by their
fingerprints and their DNA!
How would the police look at DNA to figure out
who committed a crime?
12PUT ON YOUR SCIENCE EYES!
13 Which statement reflects the correct
relationship between the nucleus, the cell,
chromosomes, and DNA?
A. DNA is made of chromosomes that are contained inside the nucleus of a cell. C. DNA makes up the membrane surrounding a cells nucleus.
B. A cells nucleus contains the chromosomes which are made of DNA. D. Chromosomes make up DNA that is contained outside the cells nucleus in the cytoplasm.
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15SO WHAT IS DNA?PLEASE COPY THIS CHART INTO YOUR
NOTES
DNA
NUCLEOTIDE
4 BASES
DOUBLE HELIX
16DNA stands forD DeoxyriboseN NucleicA Acid
DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope
it looks like a twisted up ladder!
17What is DNA? DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
- A molecule of nucleic acids that carries genetic
information. - 2 strands twisted around each other called a
double helix (twisted ladder) - Each strand is made of linked nucleotides.
18- Made up of nucleotides
- sugar
- phosphate
- nitrogen base
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine
(C) Guanine (G)
19What is a Nucleotide?
- A subunit of DNA made of 3 parts
- 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base (there are 4)
20DRAW THIS NUCLEOTIDE
21 Structure of DNA
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine
(G)
22- The nucleotides are made up of
- deoxyribose(sugar)
- phosphate group
- nitrogen bases-4 types 1. Adenine- A 2.
Guanine-G 3. Cytosine- C 4. Thymine-T
23WHAT ARE THE 4 BASES?
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25What is the structure of DNA?
- The sides (backbone) are made of sugars and
phosphates held together by a strong chemical
bond. - The rungs (steps) are paired nitrogenous bases
held together by a weak hydrogen bond.
26How are the Bases paired?
- Adenine pairs w/Thymine (A-T)
- Guanine always pairs w/Cytosine (G-C)
- This is called complementary pairing. They fit
like puzzle pieces. - Allows the DNA to be replicated (copied).
G
C
T
A
272-stranded DNA
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28THE DOUBLE HELIX
14
bases
sugar-phosphate chain
29TIME TO MAKE A DNA MODEL!!!
30- Left Hand Assignment DNA Structure
- Glue the DNA strand and use the following
instructions to color the double helix. Write and
answer the questions when you are finished
- DNA Structure Analysis
- The twisted ladder structure of DNA is called a
________________. - The backbone of DNA is made up of
_______________________. - The ladder-like rungs of DNA are made up of
_________________. - Adenine always pairs up with __________.
- Cytosine always pairs up with _________________.
- A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA.
A nucleotide is made up of one ___________, one
________, and one___________.
- DNA Coloring Instructions
- Color the deoxyribose sugars green.
- Leave the phosphate groups white.
- Color the nitrogen base adenine orange.
- Color the nitrogen base thymine light blue.
- Color the nitrogen base cytosine red.
- Color the nitrogen base guanine yellow.