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DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)

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Title: DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)


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genetics
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vB_PQ8qYtUL0
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DNA
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Instructions for how to make proteins

4
Watson Crick
Determined the shape/structure of DNA in 1953
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Rosalind Franklin
  • X-ray Crystallography

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Structure
  • Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick
    developed a three dimensional model of DNA
  • This model of DNA consisted of two strands which
    were wound around each other like a twisted
    ladder. This structure is known as a double helix

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Every living thing has DNA. That means that
you have something in common with a zebra, a
tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!
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  • Three critical things genes need to do
  • 1.) genes need to carry information from one
    generation to the next
  • 2.) put that information to work by determining
    the heritable characteristics of organisms
  • 3.) genes need to be easily copied

11
DNA is like a fingerprint because everyones is a
little different!
You can tell people apart by their
fingerprints and their DNA!
How would the police look at DNA to figure out
who committed a crime?
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PUT ON YOUR SCIENCE EYES!
13
Which statement reflects the correct
relationship between the nucleus, the cell,
chromosomes, and DNA?
A. DNA is made of chromosomes that are contained inside the nucleus of a cell. C. DNA makes up the membrane surrounding a cells nucleus.
B. A cells nucleus contains the chromosomes which are made of DNA. D. Chromosomes make up DNA that is contained outside the cells nucleus in the cytoplasm.
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SO WHAT IS DNA?PLEASE COPY THIS CHART INTO YOUR
NOTES
DNA
NUCLEOTIDE

4 BASES

DOUBLE HELIX
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DNA stands forD DeoxyriboseN NucleicA Acid
DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope
it looks like a twisted up ladder!
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What is DNA? DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
  • A molecule of nucleic acids that carries genetic
    information.
  • 2 strands twisted around each other called a
    double helix (twisted ladder)
  • Each strand is made of linked nucleotides.

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  • Made up of nucleotides
  • sugar
  • phosphate
  • nitrogen base

Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine
(C) Guanine (G)
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What is a Nucleotide?
  • A subunit of DNA made of 3 parts
  • 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogenous base (there are 4)

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DRAW THIS NUCLEOTIDE
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 Structure of DNA
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine
(G)
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  • The nucleotides are made up of
  • deoxyribose(sugar)
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogen bases-4 types 1. Adenine- A 2.
    Guanine-G 3. Cytosine- C 4. Thymine-T

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WHAT ARE THE 4 BASES?
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What is the structure of DNA?
  • The sides (backbone) are made of sugars and
    phosphates held together by a strong chemical
    bond.
  • The rungs (steps) are paired nitrogenous bases
    held together by a weak hydrogen bond.

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How are the Bases paired?
  • Adenine pairs w/Thymine (A-T)
  • Guanine always pairs w/Cytosine (G-C)
  • This is called complementary pairing. They fit
    like puzzle pieces.
  • Allows the DNA to be replicated (copied).

G
C
T
A
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2-stranded DNA
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THE DOUBLE HELIX
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bases
sugar-phosphate chain
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TIME TO MAKE A DNA MODEL!!!
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  • Left Hand Assignment DNA Structure
  • Glue the DNA strand and use the following
    instructions to color the double helix. Write and
    answer the questions when you are finished
  • DNA Structure Analysis
  • The twisted ladder structure of DNA is called a
    ________________.
  • The backbone of DNA is made up of
    _______________________.
  • The ladder-like rungs of DNA are made up of
    _________________.
  • Adenine always pairs up with __________.
  • Cytosine always pairs up with _________________.
  • A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA.
    A nucleotide is made up of one ___________, one
    ________, and one___________.
  • DNA Coloring Instructions
  • Color the deoxyribose sugars green.
  • Leave the phosphate groups white.
  • Color the nitrogen base adenine orange.
  • Color the nitrogen base thymine light blue.
  • Color the nitrogen base cytosine red.
  • Color the nitrogen base guanine yellow.
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