Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

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Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of
Macromolecules
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Focus on

• Elements in each molecule
• How molecules are linked and unlinked
• Examples and functions of each type of molecule

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Macromolecules
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Monomer
AP Biology
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Condensation Synthesis or Dehydration Synthesis
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Hydrolysis
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Four Main Types Of Macromolecules
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For each Macromolecule know the following

• Elements it contains
• Monomer units and structures
• Examples
• Uses or roles

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Carbohydrates
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Types Of Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides
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Monosaccharides
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Examples
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- OSE

• Word ending common for many carbohydrates.

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Disaccharides
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Examples
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Oligosaccharides
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Polysaccharides
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a glucose and b glucose
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Starch
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a glucose
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Cellulose
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b glucose
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Comment
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Glycogen
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Starch
Glycogen
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Lipids
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Fats and Oils
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Fats and Oils
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Fatty Acids
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Acid
Fat
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Neutral Fats or Triacylglycerols
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Saturated FatsUnsaturated Fats
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Question

• Why do fats usually contain saturated fatty acids
  and oils usually contain unsaturated fatty acids?

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Fats
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Question ?

• Which has more energy, a kg of fat or a kg of
  starch?

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Phospholipids
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Result
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Steroids
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Proteins
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Uses Of Proteins

• Structure
• Enzymes
• Antibodies
• Transport
• Movement
• Receptors
• Hormones

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Proteins
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Amino Acids
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R groups
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Amino Acids
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Amino Acids
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R groups
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Polypeptide Chains
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Levels Of Protein Structure
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
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Is Protein Structure Important?
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Denaturing Of A Protein
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Comment

• Many other amino acids are possible (change the R
  group)
• Whole new group of proteins with new properties
  can be made
• Genetic engineering can use bacteria to make
  these new proteins

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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids
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Nitrogenous Bases
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Pentose Sugar
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Nucleosides and Nucleotides
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DNA
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RNA
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DNA and RNA

• More will be said about DNA and RNA in future
  lessons.

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Summary

• Role of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
• For each macromolecule, know the following
• Elements and monomers
• Structures
• Functions