THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES

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Chapter 5

• THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES

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I. Monomers

• Building blocks of polymers

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II. Macromolecules vs. Polymers

• Macromolecule
• - large molecule
• Polymer
• -macromolecule made of monomers (identical
  building blocks)

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III. Organic Compounds

• AKA macromolecules
• Carbon based

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A. Carbohydrates / Polysaccharides

• Sugars starches
• Fuel
• Monomer monosaccharides
• Bond glycosidic bond
• Examples
• Simple sugars end in ose
• Glucose (C6H12O6)
• sucrose (table sugar)
• cellulose (found in cell walls of plant cells)

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B. Lipids

• P 75
• Fats, steroids
• component of cell and nuclear membranes
• Fuel
• Steroids form of cellular communication
• Monomer fatty acids, glycerol, phospholipid

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C. Proteins

• 1) differentiate cells help them perform
  specific tasks
• Examples keratin in nails, collagen in skin,
  chromatin in chromosomes
• 2) enzymes
• Catalyze chemical reactions in organisms
• Usually end in ase
• Examples lipase, catalase, amylase, cellulase

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Protein Structure

• https//mywebspace.wisc.edu/jonovic/web/proteins.h
  tml
• http//www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/
  proteins/protein20structure.swf

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D. Nucleic Acids

• Genetic Material
• Monomer nucleotides
• Examples
• DNA RNA

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Nucleotide

• Sugar
• Deoxyribose
• ribose
• Nitrogenous Bases
• Purines
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Pyridimines
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Uracil