Air Pollution

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Air Pollution
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What is it?
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Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other
living organisms, or cause damage to the natural
environment or built environment, into the
atmosphere.
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International Agreements on Climate Change

• Montreal Protocol (1987)

• Kyoto Protocol (2005)

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• The Things Involve
• Carbon Monoxide
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Dioxide
• Particulate Matter
• Ground Level Ozone

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• Carbon Monoxide
• colorless, odorless
• produced when carbon does not burn in fossil
  fuels
• present in car exhaust
• deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue,
  and impaired vision

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• Sulfur Dioxide
• produced when coal and fuel oil are burned
• present in power plant exhaust
• narrows the airway, causing wheezing and
  shortness of breath, especially in those with
  asthma

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• Nitrogen Dioxide
• reddish, brown gas
• produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen
  in the atmosphere
• present in car exhaust and power plants
• affects lungs and causes wheezing increases
  chance of respiratory infection

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• Particulate Matter
• particles of different sizes and structures that
  are released into the atmosphere
• present in many sources including fossil fuels,
  dust, smoke, fog, etc.
• can build up in respiratory system
• aggravates heart and lung disease increases risk
  of respiratory infection

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• Ground Level Ozone
• at upper level, ozone shields Earth from suns
  harmful UV rays
• at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
• formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
• irritate respiratory system and asthma reduces
  lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of
  lungs

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These 5 together form.....

• Smog
• Acid Rain
• Green House Effect
• Hole in Ozone Layer
• Indoor Air Pollution

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SMOG

• Combination of gases with water vapor and dust
• Combination of words smoke and fog
• Forms when heat and sunlight react gases
  (photochemical smog)
• Occurs often with heavy traffic, high
  temperatures, and calm winds

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Its effects.....

• 1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873
  death toll 500 people can you imagine how much
  worse the atmosphere is now?!
• Limits visibility
• Decreases UV radiation
• Yellow/black color over cities
• Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related
  deaths

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Acid Rain

• contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids
• contaminate drinking water and vegetation
• damage aquatic life
• erode buildings
• Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

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Its Effects

• Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and
  streams .
• It contributes to the damage of trees and many
  sensitive forest soils.
• It accelerates the decay of building materials
  and paints, including irreplaceable buildings,
  statues, and sculptures that are part of our
  nation's cultural heritage.

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Greenhouse effect
It generally comes from the build up of carbon
dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is
produced when fuels are burned. Americas power
plants are our biggest industrial polluters. Each
year they pump more than two billion tons of
carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon pollution is
causing climate change that drives dangerous heat
waves and worsening smog pollution, which causes
asthma attacks and other serious respiratory
illnesses. In this type of pollution sun rays go
into the atmosphere and they are trapped by
greenhouse-gasses. So the temperature on the
earth raise.
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Sources of GHGs
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Hole in the ozone layer

• It is another result of air pollution.
• Chemicals released by our activities affect the
  stratosphere.
• Release of CFC from heating, aerosol cans ,
  rockets, refrigerator equipment's remove some of
  the ozone , causing HOLES .

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Indoor Air Pollution
Its more dangerous than the outdoor pollution,
because we do everything in enclosed environments
where air circulation may be restricted. There
are many sources of indoor air pollution tobacco
smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors
from building materials.
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Sources of Outside Air Pollution

• Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon
  fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes
• Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur
  bones)
• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Everyday radioactive fallouts
• Dust from fertilizers
• Mining operations
• Livestock feedlots

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A major form of air pollution is emissions given
off by vehicles. The number of cars in EU has
doubled between 1970 and 1994 3 per year
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Health Effects
Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides,
and sulfur dioxide also have harmful effects on
natural ecosystems.  They can kill plants and
trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill
animals, especially fish in highly polluted rivers
Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases
induced by air pollution.  Those with heart or
lung disorders are under additional risk.
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So, What can YOU do to save WORLD?
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• Ride your bicycle
• Tell your friends and family about pollution
• Make sure your parents get pollution checks on
  their cars
• Ride the Public Transport

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• Learn more stay up to date
• Join a group to stop pollution
• Recycle your home waste (plastic bottles,
• bags)
• Encourage your parents to carpool to work
• Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave
  the room
• Use Reusable things instead of Disposable

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We only have one world..... Do you want it like
this?
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Credits
Adeel Rafiq (BSCE01103167) Tayyab
Ali (BSCE01103157) Nouman Ashraf (BSCE01103033)
Awais Sadiq (BSCE01103016) Shahid
Amin (BSCE01103012)
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Links

• http//edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.htm
• http//www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollutio
  n_home.html
• http//www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html
• http//www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/ma
  thlesson.html