ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• AR 385-40
• DA PAM 385-40

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• Accident Investigation Publications
• AR 385-40 - Accident Reporting and Records, 1
  Nov 94
• Provides policy and procedures and assigns
  responsibility for notification, investigation,
  reporting, and submission of Army accident
  reports.
• DA Pam 385-40 - Army Accident Investigation
  and Reporting , 1 Nov 94
• Army Accident Investigation HOW TO manual for
  aviation and ground accidents.

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• ACTION Investigate / report Army accidents
• CONDITIONS As a safety NCO / unit leader
• STANDARDS IAW AR 385-40 DA PAM 385-40.

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• PURPOSE OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
• DEFINE ARMY ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RESPONSIBILITIES
• CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS
• REPORTING AND RECORDING ARMY ACCIDENTS
• CATEGORIES OF INVESTIGATION REPORTS
• INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
• ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• WHY INVESTIGATE / REPORT ACCIDENTS?
• Those who do not learn from their mistakes are
  doomed to repeat them.

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING PURPOSE
OF INVESTIGATION / REPORTINGTHE INVESTIGATION
DETERMINES
WHY DID IT HAPPEN? SYSTEM INADEQUACY / ROOT CAUSE
WHAT HAPPENED? CAUSE FACTORS
WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT?
RECOMMENDATIONS

• HUMAN ERROR /
• MISTAKE
• MATERIEL
• FAILURE
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• FACTOR

• SUPPORT
• LEADER
• TRAINING
• STDS /
• PROCEDURES
• INDIVIDUAL

FIXES CONTROL MEASURES COUNTERMEASURES
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING PURPOSE
OF INVESTIGATION/REPORTING

• Identify accident cause factors and system
  deficiencies
• Assess manpower and monetary losses due to
  accidents
• Collect accident data to develop accident
  prevention measures
• Prevention only (not to be used for litigation,
  claims, disciplinary action, or adverse
  administrative actions)

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING LEGAL /
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

• OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA) PL
  91-596
• EXECUTIVE ORDER 12196
• 29 CFR 1960, FEDERAL OSHA PROGRAM
• DOD INSTRUCTION 6055.7
• AR 385-40
• DA PAM 385-40

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DEFINITION - ACCIDENT

• ACCIDENT - an unplanned event that causes
  personnel injury or illness, or property damage.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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DEFINITION - ARMY ACCIDENT

• ARMY ACCIDENT - an accident that results in
  injury / illness to either army or non-Army
  personnel, and/or damage to Army or non-Army
  property as a result of Army operations (caused
  by the Army).

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY - Any nonfatal injury
  or occupational illness that in the opinion of
  the competent medical authority, permanently and
  totally incapacitates a person to the extent that
  he or she cannot follow any gainful employment.
  The loss, or loss of use of both hands, feet,
  eyes, or any combination thereof as a result of a
  single accident.

AR 385-40, TERMS
12
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY - Any injury or
  occupational illness that does not result in
  death or permanent disability but, in the
  opinion of the competent medical authority,
  results in the loss or permanent impairment of
  any part of the body with the following
  exceptions
• Loss of teeth
• Loss of fingernails or toenails
• Loss of tip of finger or tip of toe
• Hearing loss

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• LOST-TIME CASE- A nonfatal traumatic injury that
  causes any loss of time from work beyond the day
  or shift on which it occurred or a nonfatal
  non-traumatic illness / disease that causes loss
  of time from work or disability at any time.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• LOST-WORKDAY CASE- Cases in which an accident
  results in Army personnel missing one or more
  days of work. Days away from work are those
  workdays (consecutive or not) on which Army
  personnel would have worked but could not because
  of injury, occupational illness, or job-related
  physical deficiencies detected during medical
  surveillance examinations.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• NONFATAL CASE WITHOUT LOST WORKDAYS - (Light duty
  / restricted work activity) - cases other than
  lost workday cases where army military, civilian
  personnel, because of an injury or occupational
  illness, experienced one or more of the
  following
• Permanent transfer to another job or termination.
• Loss of consciousness
• Restricted duty (profile)

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• INJURY- A traumatic wound or other condition of
  the body caused by external forces, including
  stress or strain. The injury is identifiable to
  time and place of occurrence and member or
  function of the body affected, and is caused by a
  specific event or incident or series or events or
  incidents within a single day or work shift.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS - Nontraumatic physiological
  harm or loss of capacity produced by systemic
  infection continued or repeated stress or
  strain exposure to toxins, poisons, fumes, etc.,
  or other continued and repeated exposures to
  conditions of the work environment over a long
  period of time. A condition that does not meet
  the definition of an injury.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• MEDICAL TREATMENT- Any treatment (other than
  first aid) administered by a physician or by
  registered professional medical personnel under
  orders of a physician

AR 385-40, TERMS
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING - AR
385-40ACCIDENT REPORTING TERMINOLOGY

• FIRST AID - One-time medical treatment for minor
  scratches, cuts, burns, and similar injuries that
  do not ordinarily require medical attention, plus
  any follow-up visits for observation. Such
  one-time treatment and follow-up visits will be
  considered first aid, even if provided by a
  physician.

AR 385-40, TERMS
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WHAT TO INVESTIGATE / REPORT -Commanders will
investigate / report

• Damage to Army property.
• Injury (fatal or nonfatal) to military personnel
• Injury to on-duty civilian personnel
• Occupational injury or illness (fatal or
  nonfatal) to military personnel or Army civilian
  employees

AR 385-40, 2-3
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WHAT TO INVESTIGATE / REPORT -Commanders will
investigate / report

• Injury / illness to non-Army personnel as a
  result of Army operations.
• Damage to non-Army property as a direct result of
  Army operations.
• Class E Aviation incident
• FOD incidents (class F)

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OCCURRENCES - NOT AN ARMY ACCIDENT

• Combat losses
• Directly caused by enemy action
• Due to evasive action taken to avoid enemy fire
• Failure to return from a combat mission
• Malfunction or failure of component parts

AR 385-40, 2-5
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OCCURRENCES - NOT AN ARMY ACCIDENT (CONT)

• Expected damage (testing)
• Property damage as a result of vandalism, riot,
  civil disorder, felony
• Deliberate damage to aircraft or equipment or to
  occupants
• Accidents occurring during transport by
  commercial carrier

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NONREPORTABLE INJURIES / ILLNESSES

• NONOCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS / INJURY - Injury /
  illness is not proximate cause. Example
  -excessive bleeding of hemophiliac
• SELF-INFLICTED INJURIES - Suicide or
  self-inflicted injury
• CRIMINAL ASSAULT - Fist-fight or brawl
• PRIOR-SERVICE INJURIES - Injury prior to service
  entry

AR 385-40, 2-7
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NONREPORTABLE INJURIES / ILLNESSES

• INFECTIVE AND PARASITIC DISEASE - Example -
  respiratory disease or food-poisoning
• STRAINS - Resulting from pre-existing
  musculoskeletal disorder (strain occurs during
  sneeze)
• HOSPITALIZATION (OBSERVATION ONLY)
• ESCAPE FROM CUSTODY - Injury occurring while
  attempting escape

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NONREPORTABLE INJURIES / ILLNESSES

• DEATH DUE TO NATURAL CAUSES - Example - heart
  attack
• ADVERSE REACTION- Reaction to alcohol or drugs
  not administered by medical authority
• PRE-EXISTING INJURIES OR ILLNESSES

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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
Accident Type And Classification are used to
determine

• Notification requirements,
• Site security requirements,
• Investigation procedures and responsibilities,
• Required accident reports

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
CLASS A - an Army accident in which

• The resulting total cost of property damage is
  1,000,000 or more
• An Army aircraft or missile is destroyed,
  missing, or abandoned or
• An injury and/or occupational illness results in
  a fatality or permanent total disability.

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
CLASS B - an Army accident in which

• The resulting total cost of property damage is
  200,000 or more,
• But less than 1,000,000
• An injury and/or occupational illness results in
  permanent partial disability, or
• When five or more personnel are inpatient
  hospitalized from a single occurrence.

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTSNOTIFICATION,
SECURITY, INVESTIGATION NOTE

• Class A B accident investigations are conducted
  by an accident investigation board (CAI or IAI
  Board).
• Immediate notification is required through chain
  of command to USASC
• If possible, unit must secure the accident site
  for the accident board to see. (May not be
  possible for traffic accident)

AR 385-40, 3-2, 4-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
CLASS C - an Army accident in which

• The resulting total cost of property damage is
  10,000 or more,
• But less than 200,000
• A nonfatal injury that causes any loss of time
  from work beyond the day or shift on which it
  occurred
• Or a nonfatal occupational illness that causes
  loss of time from work (e.g. 1 work day) or
  disability at any time (lost time case).

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
CLASS D - an Army accident in which

• The resulting total cost of property damage is
  2,000 or more,
• But less than 10,000.
• Example
• An Army 5 ton truck backed into a parked civilian
  auto resulting in 2500 damage to the privately
  owned vehicle (as a result of Army operations).
• Note An Army accident resulting in less than
  2000 property damage and no lost time injury are
  reported using local procedures.

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
CLASS E aviation incident -

• An Army incident in which the resulting damage
  cost and injury severity do not meet the
  criteria for Class A-D accident (2,000
  or more damage lost time/restricted activity
  case).
• A Class E aviation incident is reportable when
  the mission is interrupted or not completed.

AR 385-40, 2-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARMY ACCIDENTS
FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD) AVIATION INCIDENT
(CLASS F) -

• Recordable incidents are confined to aircraft
  turbine engine damage only as a result of
  internal or external FOD

AR 385-40, 2-2
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ARMY ACCIDENT TYPES

• ARMY AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT
• ARMY MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT (AMV)
• ARMY COMBAT VEHICLE (ACV)
• ARMY OPERATED VEHICLE
• OTHER ARMY VEHICLE
• PRIVATELY OWNED VEHICLE (POV)
• PERSONNEL INJURY - OTHER
• MARINE ACCIDENT

• FIRE
• CHEMICAL AGENT ACCIDENT
• EXPLOSIVES ACCIDENT
• IONIZING AND NONIONIZING RADIATION ACDT
  INCIDENT
• NUCLEAR
• BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE MISHAP
• DRONE AIRCRAFT (RPV)
• FRATRICIDE

PE 1
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COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES PRELIMINARY ACCIDENT
SITE PROCEDURES

• Initiate actions IAW unit pre-accident plan
• Contact emergency services - fire, rescue, MP,
  HAZMAT team, EOD
• Notification - chain of command
• First priority - safety of victims, personnel
  involved, and the general public

AR 385-40, 2-9, 3-2
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COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES PRELININARY ACCIDENT
SITE PROCEDURES

• Neutralize accident site hazards
• Fire
• Ammunition cook-off / explosion
• Fuel spill / hazardous materials.
• Burnt carbon fibers (composite materials).
• Traffic hazards / additional collisions.
• Electrical hazards
• Bloodborne pathogen

AR 385-40, 2-9, 3-2
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COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES PRELININARY ACCIDENT
SITE PROCEDURES

• Take action to secure / preserve the accident
  scene
• Safeguard from bystanders
• Control access to site
• Rope off site - keep unauthorized personnel out
• Protect physical evidence - ground markings /
  scars, placement of wreckage / equipment

AR 385-40, 2-9, 3-2
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COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES PRELIMINARY ACCIDENT
SITE PROCEDURES

• Notify the commander of personnel involved
• Notify USASC, DSN 558-2660/3410 (Class A B
  (Avn / Gnd) Class C Avn mishap)
• Notify USASC - (DA Civilian injuries - 3 or
  more hospitalized from a single accident - OSHA
  DOL notification)
• Provide information from Notification Worksheet
  DA Form 7306-R

AR 385-40, 2-9, 3-2
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COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES INVESTIGATION /
REPORTING RESPONSIBILITIES

• Commanders at all levels (installation level
  down to company or detachment) are responsible
  for investigating and reporting accidents.
• Class A B On-duty - CAI / IAI board
• Class A B Off-duty - Unit prepares AGAR /
  follow MACOM /installation procedures for fatal
  accidents.
• Class C D - unit prepares AGAR
• Accident report submitted through chain of
  command / installation safety to USASC

AR 385-40 Table E-1 / E-2
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RESPONSIBILITIES - GROUND
ACDT CLASS RESPONSIBILITY REPORT
CLASS A B (NOTIFY USASC) DA
285 ON-DUTY CAI / IAI BOARD
TECH RPT
CLASS A B (NOTIFY USASC)
AGAR OFF-DUTY MAY APPOINT IAI
30 DAYS
CLASS C D UNIT CDR
AGAR ON-DUTY
30 DAYS
CLASS A-D UNIT CDR
AGAR OFF-DUTY
30 DAYS
DA CIVILIAN (CLASS A B
CA-1, CA-2 ON-DUTY NOTIFY USASC)
CA-6 CLASS A B CAI / IAI BOARD
TECH RPT CLASS C
SUPERVISOR CA-1, CA-2
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RESPONSIBILITIES - AVIATION
ACDT CLASS RESPONSIBILITY REPORT
CLASS A (NOTIFY USASC) DA 2397
CAI / IAI BOARD
TECH RPT
CLASS B (NOTIFY USASC) DA
2397 CAI / IAI
BOARD TECH RPT
CLASS C (NOTIFY USASC)
AAAR IAI BOARD
90 DAYS
CLASS D - F UNIT CDR
AAAR (PE
2) 10 DAYS
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REPORTING vs. RECORDINGARMY ACCIDENTS
REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS (ALL ACCIDENTS)
LOCAL REPORT PROCEDURES REPORTED TO UNIT SAFETY
OFFICER OR INSTALLATION SAFETY
AR 385-40 REPORTED AND RECORDED IAW ARMY
PROCEDURES
MINOR INJURY OR DAMAGE
MEETS CRITERIA FOR RECORDABLE ACCIDENT / INCIDENT
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REPORTING vs. RECORDINGARMY ACCIDENTS

• REPORTING - Report all accidents to the unit
  safety officer / installation safety office
• Local reporting procedures for
• Property damage less than 2000
• Military personnel injury - no lost time /
  restricted duty only
• Military personnel injury - first aid only

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REPORTING vs. RECORDINGARMY ACCIDENTSRECORDING
- Meets AR 385-40 criteria for recordable
accident / incident. Investigation results are
recorded on the appropriate form and forwarded to
USASC for entry into Army accident database.

• Class A-D Accidents
• Class E FOD Aviation
• Damage exceeds 2000
• Soldier injury results in 1 or more lost workdays

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CATEGORIES OF ACCIDENT REPORTS

• SAFETY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT - Used for
  prevention purposes only
• Limited Use Report
• General Use Report
• COLLATERAL INVESTIGATION REPORT - Used to
  determine accountability, liability, claims,
  disciplinary action
• CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION (MP / CID)

AR 385-40, 2-9, 1-7
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SAFETY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORTS Limited
Use Safety Accident Investigation Report

• All flight accidents
• Fratricide / friendly fire
• Selected accidents involving other complex
  weapons systems as determined by Cdr, USASC

AR 385-40, 1-7
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SAFETY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORTS Limited
Use Safety Accident Investigation Report

• Report is for accident prevention
• May offer confidentiality to witness
• Findings, recommendations, and witness
  statements not releasable to public or outside
  DoD
• Purely factual information - pictures, drawings,
  tests may be released / shared with collateral
  investigator

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SAFETY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORTS - AR
385-40, 1-7 General Use Safety Accident
Investigation Report

• USE - To record data concerning all reportable
  accidents not covered by limited use reports.
• Used for accident prevention
• Not for administrative or disciplinary action
  within DoD
• Not generally releasable - need to know for the
  purpose of accident prevention
• Witness statements not exempt from disclosure in
  response to a request under FOIA

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COLLATERAL INVESTIGATION(NOT A SAFETY
INVESTIGATION)

• USE - Record facts for use in litigation, claims
  and administrative and disciplinary actions
• Required on all on-duty Class A accidents (LOD
  will suffice for off-duty fatality)
• Public Interest
• Safety personnel do not conduct, review, or store
  collateral investigations.
• Accident investigation has priority
• Collateral investigation covered by AR 27-20 or
  AR 15-6

AR 385-40, 1-8
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CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION (MP / CID)

• MP / CID - Investigate to determine if criminal
  activity is involved.
• Safety accident investigation board has access to
  MP / CID evidence, photos, witness statements
• Accident investigation will halt if criminal
  activity is discovered. (Other than negligence,
  dereliction of duty or disobedience of an order)

AR 385-40, 4-7
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COMPLETING THE ACCIDENT REPORTDA PAM 385-40

• Investigate /
• Report
• Army
• Accidents

• DA 285 Army Accident Report
• DA 285-AB-R Abbreviated Ground Accident Report

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING THE
INVESTIGATION PROCESS
WHY DID IT HAPPEN? SYSTEM INADEQUACY / ROOT CAUSE
WHAT HAPPENED? CAUSE FACTORS
WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT?
RECOMMENDATIONS

• HUMAN ERROR /
• MISTAKE
• MATERIEL
• FAILURE
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• FACTOR

• SUPPORT
• LEADER
• TRAINING
• STDS /
• PROCEDURES
• INDIVIDUAL

FIXES CONTROL MEASURES COUNTERMEASURES
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
Example of a completed AGAR form, DA PAM 385-40,
page 103-104 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• Purpose of accident investigation
• Define Army accident
• Accident investigation responsibilities
• Classification of accidents
• Reporting and Recording Army accidents
• Categories of investigation reports
• Reporting Procedures- AGAR
• Accident reporting terminology

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• QUESTIONS??

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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING

• PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3
• COMPLETING THE ACCIDENT REPORT FORM
• HOMEWORK DUE AT START OF CLASS IN THE MORNING.