Bony Fish Class osteichthyes

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Bony FishClass osteichthyes
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VARIETY WHY
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Many body shapes
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Streamlined shape reduces drag
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Hinged tail increases swimming efficiency
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Scales

• Thin and overlapping
• Covered by layer of skin and mucus
• Grow as the fish grows

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Coloration

• Chromatophores color cells
• Irridophores shiny cells

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Muscle Red vs. white

• Myoglobinstores oxygen in muscles
• Red musclemore myoglobinmore swimming!
• White muscleless myoglobinslow!

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Osmoregulation blood is less salty than ocean

• Drink water
• Kidneys
• Gills (chloride cells) excrete salt

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Digestive organs

• Pyloric ceca digestive gland
• Intestine length
• Longplant material
• Shortmeat

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Temperature regulation

• Poikilotherms (most)
• Pseudohomeotherms (some) temp kept slightly
  higher than water (muscles make heat energy)

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Gills are efficient

• Low oxygen content in water
• Many gill filaments to increase surface area
• Active fish have more gill surface area (up to 10
  times the body surface area!)
• Extract up to 85-90 of oxygen in water
• You extract about 20

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Counter Current Flow in Gills

• Water and blood flow in opposite directions
  within the gill space
• Diffusion occurs oxygen into blood and Carbon
  dioxide out of blood

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Fish countercurrent flow gills
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Oxygen flow into blood dots represent oxygen
flowing into blood
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Operculum pump to increase efficiency

• Bony plate helps to pump water over the gills
• Removes need to SWIM to respire allows hovering,
  etc. and different shapes evolved
• Some fish like tuna have an operculum that no
  longer pumps water is forced over the gills by
  fast swimming (Ram Gills)

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Swim Bladder

• Allows fish to be NEUTRALLY BUOYANT
• May be open to the pharynx and air enters here
  (pneumatic duct) gulpers /surface fish may do
  this
• Has a gas gland/rete mirable to get gas into the
  bladder

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Rete Mirable

• Chemical reactions cause blood to release oxygen
  into the swim bladder
• Lactate levels in the blood increase? pH levels
  drop? hemoglobin releases oxygen which then
  diffuses back into the incoming capillary until
  oxygen pressure is greater than that of the swim
  bladder?oxygen enters SB

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Dr Seusss Law

• One fish two fish
• Red fish blue fish!!

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Boyles Law Up fish out gas/down fish/in gas

• Fish swims up/pressure decreases/gas expands/fish
  must let gas out!
• Fish swims down/pressure increases/gas
  contracts/fish must let gas in!

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Swim bladder used to make sounds
Grunt
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Croaker
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Puffer
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Crevalle Jack
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SENSES

• Smell (nares/olfactory sacs)
• Color vision (cone cells)
• Touch/vibrations (neuromast cells hairlike cells
  that detect motion
• Taste (cells on lips, mouth, barbels)
• Hearing (otoliths or ear stones for vibrations)
• Balance semicircular canals

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Why Variety? What structures have led to such
variety?

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

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