DEUTEROSTOMES

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DEUTEROSTOMES

• Pattern of Development Radial
• Indeterminate Cleavage
• Blastopore ?Anus

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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

• Spiny Skin

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Echinoderm Characteristics

• Larva bilateral symmetry, cilia, free-swimming
• Adults pentaradial symmetry
• WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
• Feeding
• Gas exchange
• Hydrostatic skeleton

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Water vascular system

• Madreporite
• Stone, ring, radial, lateral canals
• Ampullae
• Tube feet

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• Endoskeleton of calcium carbonate
• Pedicellariae
• Prominent digestive system
• Separate sexes external fertilization
• Simple nervous system no brain
• No excretory organs

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Examples of Echinoderms
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Feeding

• Sea stars feed on bivalves
• Sea Urchins
• Feed on algae, kelp, etc.
• Brittle Stars
• Feed on plankton, detritus

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Regeneration

• Echinoderms can regenerate lost parts
• Sea cucumbers others use this for defense

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PHYLUM CHORDATA
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Main Characteristics

• Notochord
• Dorsal, tubular nerve cord
• Pharangeal gill slits
• Larva or embryos have postanal tail
• Endostyle or thyroid gland

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Invertebrate Chordates

• Urochordata
• Tunicates
• Larva typical chordates

• Cephalochordata
• Lancelets

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Subphylum Vertebrata

• Vertebral column, Backbone
• Develops around notochord, usu. replaces it
• Cranium
• Endoskeleton made of living tissue
• Neural crest cells
• Pronounced cephalization

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• Closed circulatory system
• Endocrine glands
• Use muscles for feeding
• Most have 2 pairs of appendages

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Intro to Fishes

• 6 different classes of fish
• Specialized sense organs
• Lateral line
• Ampullae of Lorenzini

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Agnatha Jawless Fish

• 2 classes
• No paired fins
• Lack scales? smooth skin
• Cartilaginous skeleton and notochord
• Uncovered gills

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Class Chondricthyes

• Cartilaginous fish
• Paired fins and jaws
• Uncovered gills
• Placoid scales
• Oily liver
• Reproduction
• Some are oviparous
• Some ovovivparous
• Few viviparous

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Osteichthyes Bony Fishes

• Flexible, paired fins
• Overlapping bony scales
• Operculum
• Oviparous with external fertilization
• Diverged into 2 major groups

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• Ray-finned Fishes
• (Class Actinopterygii)
• Fins supported by rays of bone or cartilage
• Gave rise to modern bony fish

• Lobed-Finned Fishes
• (Class Sarcopterygii)
• Flexible fins with jointed bones and muscles
• Lungfish Coelacanths

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Characteristics of Modern Bony Fishes

• Have swim bladder
• Developed from primitive lungs
• Functions in buoyancy
• Operculum
• Bony scales
• External Fertilization Development

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The rediscovery of the Coelacanth
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Lungfish are believed to have given rise to
tetrapods

• Supported by mitochondrial DNA evidence