Physical versus Chemical Properties

1
Physical versus Chemical Properties

• The study of matter
• Adapted by NCDPI Unit 2 Matter All Around us

2
Reviewing MATTER

• Matter anything that has mass and takes up
  space
• Mass the amount of matter in something
• Volume the amount of space something occupies
• Which of the following is matter?
• A car?
• A box?
• You?

3
What is a property?

• Property a characteristic of a substance that
  can be observed

4
Physical Property
Physical property a property that can be
observed without changing the identity of the
substance.

• Examples
• luster
• malleability the ability to be hammered into a
  thin sheet
• ductility the ability to be stretched into a
  wire

• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat

5
Special Physical Properties

• Melting point the temperature at which a
  substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a
  given pressure
• water 0oC or 32ºF
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6
Special Physical Properties

• Boiling point the temperature at which a
  substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a
  given pressure
• water 100oC or 212ºF

7
Chemical Properties

• Chemical property a property that can only be
  observed by changing the identity of the
  substance

Examples Flammability ability to rust reactivity
with vinegar
8
Density

• Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.
  (how much matter is packed together)
• Density can be used to identify a substance.
• The density of water is 1.0g/mL

9
Density

• Examples
• Helium filled balloons are less dense than
  density of air
• Hydrometer is used to test
• the density of Antifreeze.

10
Density more examples

• How can you float 7 different liquids in layers?

11
Density Calculations

• Calculations
• D m/V g/mL g/cm3
• Ex A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a
  volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or
  sink in water?
• Mass 2.8 g Volume 3.67 mL
• D 2.8g/3.67 mL 0.76 g/mL
• This object would float in water because its
  density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).

12
More Density Calculations

• Ex A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume
  of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the
  substance.

M25.6 g V31.6 mL D 25.6 g/31.6 mL
D 0.81 g/mL The substance is ethanol.
13
Specific Heat

• Specific Heat is the amount of energy needed to
  raise one gram of a substance by one degree
  Celsius
• http//arenahanna.wordpress.com/specific-heat-ener
  gy/

14
Solubility

• Solubility is the ability of a substance to
  dissolve (become trapped in) another substance.
  Solubility is based on polarity (the distribution
  of charge in a compound).
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15
Solubility

• A solution is formed when one substance dissolves
  in another substance.
• The substance that dissolved is called the
  solute.
• The substance that is doing the dissolving is
  called the solvent.
• Water is the universal solvent.

16
Polarity

• Polarity is an uneven distribution of charges in
  a molecule. Ex. Water molecule
• Polar compounds will dissolve other polar
  compounds as well as ionic compounds. Non-polar
  compounds will dissolve other nonpolar compounds.
• Water is polar and
• Oil is nonpolar.
• Their molecules do
• not attract each other.