Polarimetric Solid State Radar Design for CASA Student Test Bed

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Polarimetric Solid State Radar Design for CASA
Student Test Bed

• Alexandra Litchfield

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Objective

• To design a Dual Polarimetric Solid State Doppler
  Radar for the CASA student Test Bed.

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Possible Radar Localization _at_ Aguadilla, PR
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Possible Radar Localization _at_ Mayaguez, PR
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Why Solid Sate

• Definition
• Solid State Devices and Systems are based
  entirely on semiconductor.
• There is no mechanical action on a solid state
  device but electromagnetic action takes place.
• Current is confined to solid elements.

• Advantages
• Does not need a high voltage modulator.
• Use less power (kW from Magnetron are eliminated)
• Coherent radars can be made.
• Pulse Compression can be used.

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Radar Requirements

• Radar Freq 9.5-9.6 GHz (X Band)
• Peak Transmitter Power 25W
• Minimum Detectable Signal Power -100dBm
• Antenna Gain 12dB
• Horizontal Antenna Beam Width 6 degrees
• Vertical Antenna Beam Width 6 degrees
• Pulse Width 30us
• Max Range 6km

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Project Phases

• Radar Front End
• TR Module
• Transmit/Receive Module Circuit Design
• Component Layouts
• Build and Test
• Phase shifter
• Phase shifter circuit design
• Component Layouts
• Build and Test
• Master clock distribution
• Digital Signal Processing
• Antenna Implementation
• Integration

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TR Original Preliminary Design
Transmit Path
PA
Directional Coupler
Circ.
IF
Limiter
OSC
S
Power Combiner
Receiver Path
LNA
Calibration Path
IF
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Preliminary Design for Radar Front End
Power Combiner
RF
PA
S
Cal
LNA
PreA
Rx
Tx
LO
Phase shifter
Phase shifter
IF
Ø
Ø
Divider / Combiner
Rx
Tx
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Phase Shifter Preliminary Design
90 Hybrid
Variable Amp.
90 Hybrid
?
?
I
Q
90 Hybrid
Ø
I
Q
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Design with Vector Modulator Phase Shifter
Vcc2
Tx
IF2
I
Vector Mod
IF2
RF
Directional Coupler
PA
Circ.
Q
Vcc1
LO2
Limiter
IF2
Q
Power Combiner
20MHz
Noise
I
Rx
LO1
LNA
IF
LO2
Vector Mod
Vcc1
Vcc2
20MHz
LO1
IF1
IF1
I
Q
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One Polarization Channel
Circ.
Cal Path
Receive Path
Transmit Path
Power Combiner
PA
Noise
LO2
Vcc2
Vector Mod
IF2
Phase shifter
LO1
Vcc1
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Components

• Mixer Alters the carrier frequency of the
  signal.
• Oscillator Controls the frequency used to
  sincronized the radar.
• Directional Coupler / Power Divider Couples part
  of the transmision power in to the transmision
  line.

• Limiter Circuit that allows to pass the
  unaffected received signal
• Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Amplifies weak signals
  captured by the antenna.
• Circulator Redirect signal that comes in an out
  from/to transmisor and receptor.

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Radars Dual Polarized Antenna

• Dual polarization Antenna Operating at 9.5GHz
• Array of Apertured Coupled Antennas

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Received Power Calculations

• G16dB Ganancia
• R6km Maximum Range
• C3x108 m/s velocity of light
• Pt2W Power Transmitted by each channel.
• H30usec Pulse Width
• F 9.5 GHz
• Lambdac/f .031579
• Kdielectric factor (.93 for water)

• Z10dBz 1010log(P), P10
• MDS -100dBm
• N2.66x109
• G39.81W
• Pr1uW-30dBm

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Component Layout
Power Amplifier
Low Noise Amplifier
HMC48LP5
HMC564LC4
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Component Layout
Mixer
HMC412M58G
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Future Work

• To construct and measure parameters for the TR
  Module and Phase Shifter.
• Digital Signal Processing.
• Antenna Implementation
• Integration
• Test and Measure

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Questions