Parliament Triumphs in England

1
Parliament Triumphs in England

• Chapter 4 Section 3

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe the Tudor monarchs relations with
  Parliament
• Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and
  Parliament ushered in a century of revolution
• Understand how the English Civil War and the
  development of the Commonwealth led to the
  Glorious Revolution
• Explain the development of English constitutional
  government

2
The Tudors

• Ruled from 1485-1603
• Henry VIII
• Elizabeth I
• Believed in divine right, but recognized the
  value of good relations w/ Parliament
• Elizabeths skill in handling Parliament made her
  a popular successful ruler

3
I. A Century of Revolution

• Elizabeth I
• Dies childless
• Closest relative is James I
• King of Scotland
• Start of the Stuart Dynasty
• Belief in Divine Right

4
The Stuarts

• Repeatedly clashed with Parliament
• Mostly over money and foreign affairs
• James I
• James would just dissolve parliament and collect
  taxes on his own
• Belief in divine right- I will not be content
  that my power be disputed on
• Had disputes with dissenters- Protestants who
  differed with the Church of England
• King James version of bible

5
The Stuarts

• Charles I
• Son of James I, behaved like an absolute monarch
• Dissolved Parliament and ruled without it for 11
  years
• Parliament launched its own revolt
• Executed Charles chief ministers
• Declared that Parliament could not be dissolved
  without its own consent

6

• Charles I
• 1625
• Believed in Divine Right
• 1628
• Summons Parliament to raise taxes
• Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition of
  Right
• King cannot raise taxes without consent of
  Parliament
• Charles signs it and then ignores it
• Scottish Revolt
• Charles forced to summon Parliament again
• The Long Parliament (1640)
• Session lasts until 1653
• Back and forth struggles from 160-1642

7
The English Civil War 1642-1651

• Posed a major challenge to absolutism
• Supporters of Charles I Cavaliers
• Well-trained
• Wealthy nobles
• Supporters of ParliamentRoundheads
• Country gentry, manufacturers, Puritans
• Leader Oliver Cromwell
• Defeated the Cavaliers
• Called roundheads for their haircuts

8

• Oliver Cromwell
• Military Genius
• Organized the New Model Army
• Officers of skill rather than social class
• By 1647
• Cromwell and his army captured the King
• 1649
• Charles I is executed
• 1st time in history, the English ruler was
  executed
• No ruler could claim absolute power

9
The English Civil War

• Parliament set up a court to put the king on
  trial
• Condemned him to death as a tyrant, traitor,
  murderer and public enemy
• Charles I beheaded
• For the first time, king had been tried
  executed by his own people
• Parliament sent clear signal that no ruler could
  claim absolute power ignore the law

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III. Cromwell and the Commonwealth

• Parliament
• Abolishes the monarchy, the House of Lords and
  the Church of England
• Establishes the Commonwealth
• Lead by Cromwell
• The Struggle
• Resistors from Scotland and Ireland
• Supported Charles II
• Levellers
• Believed that the poor should have the same
  rights in the Government as the rich
• 1653
• Cromwell takes the title Lord Protector
• Rules as a dictator

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The Commonwealth

• England was declared a republic called the
  Commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver
  Cromwell
• Abolished monarchy Church of England
• Exiled Catholics ruled a Puritan society
• Closed all theaters, Sundayreligious observance
  no dancing, gambling or taverns
• Cromwell dies, end of Commonwealth
• Charles II takes the throne

12

• The End of Cromwell
• England becomes a very Puritan country
• However England does not all follow Puritan
  teachings
• Drinking
• Gambling
• Dancing
• Theaters
• 1658
• Cromwell dies
• Puritans lose grip on government
• 1660
• Parliament invited Charles II to take over

13
IV. Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• Charles II
• Reestablished the Church of England
• Yet had Catholic sympathies
• James II
• Charles Brother
• Inherits the throne in 1685
• He is an open Catholic
• Appoints Catholics to higher positions

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The Glorious Revolution

• Charles welcomed back restored monarchy, Church
  of England reopened theaters taverns
• But Charles brother James II inherited the
  throne- less popular ruler (Catholic)
• Glorious Revolution- James protestant daughter
  Mary her husband William of Orange invited to
  become rulers of England. James fled bloodless
  overthrow
• Established Limited Monarchy- monarchs powers
  are limited by constitution or legislative body
• Radical, considering absolute monarchies
  elsewhere in Europe

15

• Parliament
• Invites Mary (James daughter) and her husband
  William of Orange to invade England
• When William lands in England, James II flees for
  France
• This event is know as the Glorious Revolution
• The Bloodless overthrow

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V. The English Bill of Rights

• 1689
• Shows the superiority of Parliament
• Trial by Jury
• Abolished Cruel and Unusual Punishment
• Toleration Act
• Granted religious freedom to Quakers, Puritans
  and others
• NOT TO CATHOLICS

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English Bill of Rights

• Ensured superiority of Parliament over the
  monarchy
• Required the monarch to summon Parliament
  regularly
• Restated traditional rights of English citizens
• Established habeas corpus- no person could be
  held in prison without first being charged with a
  specific crime