18.3: Acquiring New Lands

1
18.3 Acquiring New Lands

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico
• Explain how the United States maintained
  political control over Cuba.
• Identify the causes and effects of the
  Philippine-American War.
• Explain the purpose of the Open Door policy in
  China.
• Summarize opposing views regarding U.S.
  imperialism.

2
US INVOLVEMENT IN PUERTO RICO

• Puerto Rico LOSES independence when it is
  acquired by US during Spanish-American War.
• Some Puerto Ricans initially welcome US. Later,
  calls for independence re-surface. USs Foraker
  Act denies P.R. citizenship and
  self-determination.
• What did the Foraker Act say?
• Puerto Ricans granted citizenship in 1917.
  Remains territory of US.

3
Cuba Becomes a Protectorate

• AT FIRST, US intends Cuba to become independent.
• Teller Amendment states that US will not annex or
  control Cuba.
• US brings many improvements in health and
  sanitation to Cuba, but it does NOT give it full
  independence.
• US writes Platt Amendment.
• EFFECT? Cuba becomes a US protectorate.
• What is a protectorate?

4
What was the purpose of the Teller Amendment?

• Assure Cubans and European powers that American
  intervention was not an imperial land grab.
• stated that the United States, "hereby disclaims
  any disposition of intention to exercise
  sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said
  island except for pacification thereof, and
  asserts its determination, when that is
  accomplished, to leave the government and control
  of the island to its people."
• Was it observed?

5
What was the purpose of Platt Amendment?

• February 1901.
• It allowed the United States "the right to
  intervene for the preservation of Cuban
  independence, the maintenance of a government
  adequate for the protection of life, property,
  and individual liberty..."
• In effect until 1934

6
CUBA

• US seeks to control Cuba to protect American
  businesses there.
• Marines return to Cuba 1906-1909, 1912,
  1917-1922.
• US establishes naval bases at Guantanamo Bay.
• US troops back conservative Cuban leaders
  friendly to US and US business.

7
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR

• How was the Philippines different from Cuba?
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Guerilla war
• Re-concentration camps
• Atrocities
• Forced Americanization
• Remains protectorate until July 4, 1946.
• CASUALTY FIGURES
• U.S.-- 4,234 dead and 2,818 wounded.
• Filipino -- 20,000 military dead and 200,000
  civilians killed. (approximate numbers. Some
  historians estimate as many as 500,000 killed).

8
U.S. IN CHINA

• Why did the U.S. support the Open Door?
• U.S. wanted exports to China
• - especially to build railroads.
• 2. U.S. wanted to protect the free market
  abroad
• - US Secretary of State John Hay proposes Open
  Door policy free market and continued Chinese
  independence
• 3. Did not want US to fall behind European
  Powers
• - France, Germany, Britain, Japan, Russia, and
  Dutch are busy carving up China as its empire
  weakens

9

• Did the Open Door policy work?
• Sort of
• Ignored by Great Powers
• Boxer Rebellion - 1900
• US now entangled in China

10
Boxer Rebellion

• The Boxers, or "The Righteous and Harmonious
  Fists," were a religious society that had
  originally rebelled against the imperial
  government in Shantung in 1898. They practiced an
  animistic magic of rituals and spells which they
  believed made them impervious to bullets and
  pain. The Boxers believed that the expulsion of
  foreign devils would magically renew Chinese
  society and begin a new golden age. Much of their
  discontent, however, was focused on the economic
  scarcity of the 1890's. They were a passionate
  and confident group, full of contempt for
  authority and violent emotions.
  http//www.wsu.edu/dee/CHING/BOXER.HTM

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11
ELECTION OF 1900PAGE 541

• The election is also a referendum on
  imperialism.
• What are the arguments for US imperialism? (PG
  541)
• What are the arguments against it?
• What argument do you find persuasive? Why?

12
TERMS

• Terms
• Platt Amendment
• Protectorate
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• John Hay
• Open Door Notes
• Boxer Rebellion

• OBJECTIVES
• Describe U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico
• Explain how the United States maintained
  political control over Cuba.
• Identify the causes and effects of the
  Philippine-American War.
• Explain the purpose of the Open Door policy in
  China.
• Summarize opposing views regarding U.S.
  imperialism.