2.1 Section Objectives

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2.1 Section Objectives page 35
Todays Objective

• To investigate and explain cellular processes,
  such as homeostasis, converting energy, the
  production of new materials, and transporting
  materials.

Can be found in the book Chapter 7.3
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
REMEMBER, cells have tiny organs inside them
called organelles. Each organelle, just like
the organs in your body, have a specific job they
carry out for the cells survival.
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Also, REMEMBER some organelles have a membrane
around them. What are they called?
nucleus
mitochondria
While other organelles do not have a protective
layer.
ribosome
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Genetic Material
The master set of directions for making proteins
(making you) is contained in DNA. Prokaryotic
cells only have one long strand of DNA
Eukaryotic cells have different amounts of DNA
(depending on what type of organism it is).
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Cell Control Center
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found floating
in the middle of the cell.
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found inside the
nucleus.
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Cell Control Center
Just as every team needs a leader, the cell needs
a leader to give directions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the leader of the eukaryotic cell
because it contains directions to make proteins.
Every part of the cell depends on proteins, so by
containing the blueprints to make proteins, the
nucleus controls the actions of all the
organelles.
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
Homeostasis
Inside the cell
Outside the cell
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane (also called cell
membrane) is a skin that covers the cell.
All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
have a plasma membrane.
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
Homeostasis
Outside the cell
Plasma Membrane
Inside the cell
The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis (an
internal balance) by controlling what goes in and
out of the cell.
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
Energy Transformers
Cells have to transform energy in order to use
it. There are two different organelles that do
this as their job.
CHLOROPLAST ? Has a membrane ? Only found in
eukaryotic PLANT cells
MITOCHONDRIA ? Has a membrane ? Found in ALL
eukaryotic cells
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
Chloroplasts organelles that use light energy
and transform it into food energy in eukaryotic
PLANT cells.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplasts contain green pigment called
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and
gives leaves and stems their green color.
chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
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Section 3 Summary page 179-187
Energy Transformers
Mitochondria membrane-bound organelles in ALL
eukaryotic cells that transform food energy into
chemical energy (that we use to perform all
functions walking, talking, thinking).
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Section 9.3 Summary pages 231-237
Cellular respiration is the process by which
mitochondria use food energy, and oxygen to
create CO2 , water, and ATP (chemical energy)





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Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
6O2
?
6CO2 6H2O

36ATP

Oxygen Gas
Glucose
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Energy
It is the reverse process of photosynthesis
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