DIGITAL GEODETIC DATA, BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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DIGITAL GEODETIC DATA, BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
7th international Workshop on the "Cross-border
Disaster eResponse in the eRegion
Interoperability of Information Systems of the
Organizations Involved"
Sonja Dimova, PhD Agency for Real Estate Cadastre
May 04-06 2009, Skopje
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DISASTER CLASSIFICATION

• 1.Natural disasters are events caused by
  uncontrolled acts of natural forces endangering
  the life and health of the people and animals and
  cause damage to property, cultural heritage and
  damage to the environment.
• Disasters generated from dynamic processes
  which occur under the surface
  (earthquakes, tsunami, volcano,
• eruptions)
• Disasters caused by meteorological and
  hydro meteorological phenomenon
  (floods, fires, strong winds,
  drought, avalanches)

2.Technological disasters are explosions,
chemical leakage, contamination, biological
disasters - epidemics..
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DISASTER/CRISIS MANAGEMENT

• (1)How to define? The disaster management is a
  discipline in which the involved parties are
  preparing for the disaster before it happens,
  during the disaster and the reconstruction after
  the disaster.
• (2)Successful management of the disasters highly
  depends from the availability , the dissemination
  and the effective use of the information.
• -Mechanism for providing services ? monitoring,
  warning and decrease of damages
• -adequate access to information ? avoiding
  overlap
• of different levels of users
• (3)Economic support ? adequate attention to risk
  from the disasters, protection as well as
  disaster management ? reducing the human and
  economic losses

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STAGES OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
3. Reaction/solution Evacuation routes
2. Readiness Models and simulations
PARTICIPANTS public and private sector,
voluntary organizations, municipal
organizations and individual citizens
After disaster
Prior disaster
4. Reconstruction Estimates of damages and
sheltering
1. Protection planning Identification Zoning
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GEODESY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• The establishment of safety measures which
  use advanced geodetic technologies contribute to
  the protection of the citizen, the land and the
  property, as well as minimizing the losses.
• -Technology for remote detection,
  meteorological satellites, communication systems
  and satellite navigation play a significant role
  in the support of the disaster management,
  provide accurate and on-time information and
  communication support.
• -Geo-positioned information from satellites,
  topographic maps, cadastre maps, combined with
  other relevant data into one information system
  have the objective to evaluate and decrease the
  disaster risk,
• -Monitoring the movement of the earths surface
  by
• geodetic surveys
• (example damns, artificial accumulations)

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POSITIONING OF GEODETIC DATA IN AN INFORMATION
CELL
Topographic maps/ cadastre maps with
Information for potentially critical zones
Satellite and/or aero photo images
READINESS Evaluation of damages Help planning
Population data
Infrastructure /logistics
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MULTI-PURPOSE USE OF CARTOGRAPHIC DATA
?
Basic cartographic data
Theme data
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PROVIDING BASIC INFORMATION DURING PROTECTION
PLANNING
Disaster Protection Data collection Planning/ warning
Earthquake Geological maps and Maps for land use Geodynamic surveys Identification of potential zones, Production of map for the possible disaster
Eruptions Topographic maps (land use) Measuring of gas emissions Mapping of the lava and the measurements, Production of map for the possible disaster
Land slide Topographic maps (land use) Measuring rains and surface stability Mapping of surveyed data and analysis
Floods Topographic maps (land use) and Maps of flooding zones Measuring rains, water surfaces and evaporation Mapping of data and supplementing with zone predictions
Rains /Storms Topographic maps (land use) Measuring of rains Supplementing the map with the measurements and the predictions
Droughts Topographic maps (land use) Measuring of temperature, Climate models Supplementing the map with the measurements and vegetation monitoring
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EARLY DETECTION OF FIRESGNSS, satellite/aero
images
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Identification of the consequences caused by
eruptions/ visualization of earthquakes
Satellite images of a volcano before and after
eruption

• Anticipation and simulation of
  earthquakes/monitoring (performing seismic
  measurements, simulations and plan for prevention)

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Visualization of a flooding zone in function of
successful flood management
Basis for visualization - ortophoto map and DTM
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Anticipation method - characteristics
Anticipation of flooding zones in function of the
time
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Map for preventive protection
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Quality of the geo-positioned information
Weaknesses lack of data, inadequate scale and
type, updateness .... Role of the surveyors
survey and mapping expertise to obtain quality
data necessary for the successfull disaster
managment

• Data quality
• Source - the data source
• Positional accuracy - accuracy of X,Y i.e.
  X,Y,Z
• location (geometric)
• Attribute accuracy is accuracy in a thematic,
  
• descriptive or numeral value
  assigned to the event
• Completeness is the assessment of the level
  of data
• completeness - lack/excess
• Logical consistency topology building data
• synchronization
• Semantic accuracy is the data description
• quality/the text accuracy
• Update time when the data is collected

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Geodetic data as GIS component

• GIS development
• Geodetic data (cadastre maps, topog.maps,
  ortophoto, aero/satellite images...)
• Functional organization of the data into a data
  base and data maintenance/updating
• Strengths of the GIS
• Mechanism for integration
• of data from various sources
• analyses, planning and safety
• On-time decision-making
• Services to all involved subjects
• Data distribution-WEB solutions

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GIS benefits
Phases of the disasters GIS solutions Benefits
Planning GIS maps for disasters, damage assessment by using GIS Easy maintenance, different formats, online access, tool for improving the capability, description of the risky zones and consequences
Mitigation Municipal zoning and defining safety zones Preparedness for a short time and putting efforts for standard development
Readiness Development of a scenario, models and simulations Anticipating and planning, development per zones and risk reduction, preparation and training
Solutions Evacuation routes and safety management Fast identification of the routes, alternative routes, data related to safety
Reconstruction Damage assessment and help for the population Accurate data base, geo-referenced information
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Integration of a GIS on a national level NSDI
(National Spatial Data Infrastructure)

• Scope of the NSDI
• electronic spatial data from the bodies of
  central government, the local self-government
  units, the public services and legal advisors
  entrusted with the spatial data management

• Types of spatial data in the NSDI
• Survey, cadastre and cartography
• Protected zones, national parks,
• historic monuments
• Statistical data
• Spatial planning
• Environmental protection

NSDI-basic model
NSDI Functionality Establishment of meta data,
spatial data maintenance, Networking technology,
access, sharing and use of the spatial data and
mechanism for coordination steps and
procedures
link
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Relation NSDI - disaster management
AREC is obliged to establish and maintain the
public access to metadata via internet
(accessibility of easy and a secure method, time
saving and finance for data development and
maintenance)
WEB GIS users
GIS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Analyses
planning
AREC
GIS applications
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Public Campaign
(awareness raising)

• Institutions - defining a clear role and the
  connection to the successful collecting,
  processing, archiving, integration and sharing of
  spatial data
• Tasks and Responsibilities
• Trainings for use of maps for disaster
  management, development of new maps for
  evacuation together with the local population and
  other representatives
• Training and education program - workshops where
  the evacuation plan will be discussed
• Using the media and the school centers
• Pamphlets, brochures
• Capacity building at a local and a regional level

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Participants in the workshop
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT -Chair-
Example for a workshop
Encouraging the local population to participate
in drafting the evacuation plan and discussion
for its use
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Conclusion

• The successful crises management mostly depends
  from the accessibility, the dissemination and the
  effective use of the spatial data
• Establishment of mechanisms for on-line access
  to geodetic data which will be the basis for
  monitoring, warning, damage assessment as well as
  reduction of the disaster consequences
• Use of standards, interoperability systems and
  techniques during the collecting, processing,
  archiving, integration and sharing of the digital
  geodetic data
• On-time delivery/providing with updated and
  accurate digital geodetic data on a local,
  national and global level
• Communication support which is made via the
  systems for communication, navigation and
  positioning

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• Thank you for the attention !

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Additional Information

• http//www.gsi.go.jp
• http//www.gdrc.org/uem/disasters
• http//www.gisdevelopment.net
• http//www.jma.go.jp
• http//www.ocdi.or.jp
• http//www.inmh.ro/images/Floods
• http//earth.esa.int/ew/volcanoes