Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• The process in which plants and animals convert
  glucose into ATP energy for the cell to use!!!
  (The process occurs 24 hours of the day!!!)
• Energy is needed for cell division, cell repair,
  muscle contraction, nerve impulses, creating body
  heat, cell transport..to sustain your life!
• Glucose O2 ? CO2 H2O ATP

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C.R. Occurs in Plants and Animals
Glucose from eating
?
plants
Glucose from photosynthesis
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Where does C.R. take place?

• Takes place in the mitochondria

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Cellular Respirations Pathway

• CR begins with the process called glycolysis.
• One glucose molecule is converted into 2 pyruvic
  acid molecules and 4 ATP (2 net ATP).
• Depending whether or not oxygen is present in the
  cell, the products of glycolysis can follow two
  different pathways.

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Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation
(no O2)

• In some bacteria, pyruvic acid is converted into
  lactic acid.
• This process is used to make yogurt and cheese.
• Also in multicellular organisms this can occur in
  muscle cells during strenuous activity when
  oxygen is used more rapidly than it can be
  delivered. (muscle fatigue)
• No additional ATP is made.

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Anaerobic Respiration Alcoholic Fermentation (no
O2)

• In yeast, pyruvic acid is converted into ethyl
  alcohol and CO2
• This process is used to make beer, wine and
  bread.
• No additional ATP is made.

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Aerobic Respiration (O2)

• When O2 is available, pyruvic acid enters the
  pathways of aerobic respiration to produce a
  great amount of ATP (energy for cells to use)!
• The steps included are the Krebs cycle and the
  electron transport chain.

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

• Multicellular organisms require more energy to
  sustain life than unicellular organisms.
• Therefore, aerobic respiration is necessary to
  sustain the life of multicellular organisms like
  animals and plants because the process creates
  more ATP!
• Anaerobic respiration is sufficient to sustain
  the life of unicellular organisms like bacteria
  and yeast cells because it creates a small amount
  of ATP.

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Interdependency!

• Photosynthesis stores the energy of the sun in
  organic compounds while cellular respiration
  reverses the process by releasing the energy to
  be used in the form of ATP by the cell.
• The reactants of one are the products of the
  other and vice versa.
• Glucose O2 ? CO2 H2O ATP

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