Title: ??(TH)??????? TH Series Of Environment-Friendly Refrigerants
1 ???????
- ??????(??)
- ?????
- ??????????
- 2005?5?
2??? ??????? Properties of ideal gas
3???????????
1?????( ideal gas)
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?????????????????????????????
2?????( real gas)
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43-1 ????????
kg
K
Pa
m3
RMRg8.3145J/(mol.K)
????J/(kg.K)
4
5????Vm
- ???????
- ?? p ? T ???????
- ????Vm??
??????
Vm???????
6 R?Rg???
R?????? (???????)
Rg???? (???????)
M-----????
??
7???????
1?????
2????? K
3?????(????????)
8??????
1. ????????? 2. ????????
?????????
??, ????? p ??, V ??, T????,
?????????????, ????????
9????????????
??, ????? p ??, V ??, T????,
?????????????, ????????
Tgt??,plt7MPa ??????
????
O2, N2, Air, CO, H2
?????????????????????
?????(H2O, CO2)??????????
??,???????,?????CO2 ,??
10????????????????
- ????????????,?????pe0.22MPa,??t156?,????????????
3200m3???????pb765mmHg,??????????qm(kg/h),???????
???qv0(m3/h)?
11????????????T156273429K ?????
????????qv 3200m3/h??????????????????????????????
??qn(mol/h)
12??????Mr28.97, ?????M28.9710-3kg/mol,????????
qmMqn28.9710-3 kg/mol 288.876103mol/h
8368.76kg/h ????????? qv022.414110-3
qn22.4141?10-3 m3 288.876?103mol/h
6474.98 m3/h?
133-2 (?)??specific heat
????, ?, ????????
?? ???
?????????1K?1oC?????
c ?????
?????
C ?????
CmMc22.414C
14?????cv
???????
u????,?
??
???? v ?1kg????1K??????
15?????cp
???????
h????,?
??
???? p ?1kg????1K?????
16cv?cp???
1? cv ? cp ,????, ?????? ?
2????????????????, ??
????????
3? h?u ?s?????cv ? cp ?
17???????????
- 1)??????????????????,????,?????,?????????????????U
U(T)? - 2)?HUPVUmRT??,????????????????HH(T)?
18???????????
????
???,
?
19?.?????????
??
?cn?????????????????????
201?????????????
?????
?????
???
???
???
Cv,mkJ/kmol.K
Cp,m kJ/kmol.K
k
1.67
1.4
1.29
212.?????????
22 232.????????(mean specific heat capacity)
t1, t2????, ?????
??amoda-??bnodb
24?
?0?t??????
????0,???????????????
?t1?t2????????
?t1?t2??????????
25(No Transcript)
263.???????
??
??????????
27??
1) t ??????2
2) t ??t1t2 ??
28(No Transcript)
29??????????
- 1kg???0.1MPa,100????0.5MPa,1000?
- ?
?????????,???????
30a)??????
31b)??????? ???6
32c)?????? ???5
33d)??????? ??7
34??
- ????u646.2kJkg ?h904.5kJ/kg
????? ?u732.1kJ/kg ?h990.4kJkg
?????? ?u729.9kJkg ?h988.1kJ/kg
??????? ?u 732.0kJ/kg?h990.3kJ/kg
1)???????
2)????????????
353-3 ?????u?h?s
???????u
1843?????,??????
A
B
p v T ??
??
??????
36???????u
???????? p v T ??
????u??T??
37???????????
????????
T, v
T
???????????,?????????
? ?????????? u
38?????????
????
????
????,????
39????????
????h??T??
????
????
????,????
40 ? ??A?????,??,?????h????,????A??????
??
??A?????
410
????????,??h?u ?????? 1)?0????
2)?0 K???
42????
?? ??1)?????????,?
?????????,?????????? ?????
43???( Entropy)
reversible
??? kJ/K
??? kJ/kg.K
ds ???? ?qrev??????T????
?????????????
44????
1???????
2??????????????? ????????
3?????
??????? Q gt 0 dS gt 0 ??????? Q lt 0 dS
lt 0
4????????? ??????????
45??????
????
??????
????
????
pv RT
463-4 ????u?h?s???
h?u ?s?????cv ? cp
47????? u???
???????????
1.
2. cv ?????
3. cv ?????
4. ????,??? ??2
48????? h???
???????????
1.
2. cp ?????
3. cp ?????
4. ????,??? ??2
49?????s???(1)
???????????
1?????
50????? s???(2)
2?????
????? T0
????,? ??2?
51???????----??
?1)???????, ???????
0
?T1T2
52???????,m??,?V22V1
0
?
???????????????
??
????????
53?? 1)
????
2)??????,???????????? ?????????
3)??????????????
54???????????
- ???????????????????0.8MPa,??27 ????74.33kg?????,??
??0.75MPa,????????????10kg???????,????????????????
???p00.1MPa,??t027?,??????????????h1005TJ/kg,?u
718TJ/kg?
55?????????,???????????
???
??????????????,???????????? ???????
???????
???????
56?
???,?????,???????????27???,?????????????????,?????
??????,????????????????,?????????,?????????
57 ??
58?????????
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???????????????,????? ????????
?????????????,??????? ?????????????????
??
(reduced gas constant of a mixture)
(reduced molar mass of a mixture)
???????????Rg??M?????????
58
59??????????????????
?????
Daltons law of partial pressure
p T V
???pi
60?????
p T V
???pi
61?????????
????????????
1. ????????? 2. ????????
??????
???????????????????????????
???????i ????????????
62?????
????
????
p T V
???Vi
63????????
1.????(mass fraction of a mixture)
2.????(volume fraction of a mixture)
3.????(mole fraction of a mixture)
63
644.????????
64
656.????????M??Rg?
a)??????
65
66b)??????
66
67?????????(1)
- ?????????????1kmol O2?N2??VAVB,
- TATB?????,????
- ?,????
68????????????
???1kmol
0
0
?
69???
???
70????????(pA1,TA)?????,?O2?N2??????????????????,??
0
71?????????(2)
????A,B????1kmolO2?N2,???????C,?VAVBVC,TATBTC
????
72????
???
73?? ?O2??N2,?S?
????S??S???