Training

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IP????????
??? ?? ???? ??????
2

• ? ?
• ??IP??
• ?????
• ??????? 2010?

1????????? ??????? 2???????????? ????????? 3??
???????????????????.
3
????
4
???
??IP????
??????IP?????????????????,????
5

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1.1 ??IP??????????

• 1.1.1 ??IP?????
• 1?IP?????
• Internet??????????????(???????????????)???????????
  ?????????????,??????????????????

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• 2???IP?????
• ????????????????Internet?????IP??,????????????????
  ????,?????????????????????????

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• ??IP??
• ????IP????Internet???????????????????????????????,
  ????????????Gbit/s,?????1?100Mbit/s?

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• ???????IP????????????????????,???????????,????????
  ???????IP??,????????????

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• 1.1.2 ??IP???????
• 1?Internet???????
• Internet??????????????????(???????)?

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• (1)Internet???????
• ?1983?1984?,???????????ARPANET?????????TCP/IP??,??
  ????????Internet?

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ARPANET

• ???????????????????
• ???????(IMP)??????
• ????TCP/IP
• 1983????????
• --???
• --???

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• (2)Internet???????
• 1986??????????NSF(National Science
  Foundation)??TCP/IP???????NSFNET??,????NSF????????
  ??TCP/IP???,??ARPANET??,??????ARPANET?,???Internet
  ?

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• ??,???????????????TCP/IP??,???????Internet,???????
  ???Internet?
• ?????Internet???????????

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• (3)Internet???????
• 20??90??,???????????????
• ????TCP/IP?????,????????????Internet??????????????
  ????
• ?????Internet???????????

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????????

• ?????NAP
• ?????(???ISP)
• ??ISP(???ISP)
• ??ISP
• ????????PC????

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• 2???IP?????
• ??????
• ???,???
• ???????
• ???

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• ???Internet????????????????,???Internet???????????
  ??????????,?????????????,??Internet?????????????
  IP????,??IP??????????

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1.2 ??IP?????

• ???IP?????????,??????????????????,??1-3???

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?1-3 IP???????????
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• 1.2.1 IP???????
• ??????????IP????????,???????????,??????(??????????
  )??????

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• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????(C/S??)?????????,???????????
• ????(P2P??)?????????????????????????????

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• 1.2.2 IP???????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????

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• 1????????
• ???????????????????(WAN)????(MAN)?

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• ???(WAN)?????,?????????????????,????????????????
  
• ???(MAN)???????????????(???????),?????5?50km?

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• ???????????????????????????????ATM???

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(1) ??????

• A.??
• ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????,?????????????????????

28
??????? ?????????
?????????????????????? ?????????(????????)
?????,90??????????lt50s, ??? ????????????5??????????????,??15s,??????????????????????
?????????,30bit/s(??)nMbit/s(???) ??????????????64kbit/s,??????????????
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???????
30
?????????

• ?????????,????????????,???????,?????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????,??????????
  -??-????????

31
???????

• ?????????????????????????????,???(packet),???????
  ?,????????,??????????,???????????????

32
????

• ????????????,????????????,???????????????,????,?
  ???????????????????????,??????????????

• ???????????????????,???????????????????????????,?
  ????????????

33
?????

34
??????

35
????

• ???? ??,????,?????FIFO???,?????????????????
• ???????,????????????????????????????,?????????????
  
• ?????????????????????????,?????????????????????

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??????

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B.???????

• (1) ??????
• (2) ?????
• (3)?????????
• (4) ?????????
• (5) ?????
• ????????
• ?????
• ??????????

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C.??????????

• ??????????????
• ????,??????????????????,??????????,?????????????
• ???,?????????,????????????

39

• ??????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????(???),??????????,???,???????

• ??????????????,??????,????,??????
• internet????????

????????????????,????,????????????
X.25????????
40
??????
??????
??????
1
C

D

PAD??
PAD??
D
A


2
C
1
C
2
2
C
???
???
A-C??????,?? ??????? B-D???????,?
????????? ????? PADpacket Assemble
and Disassemble????? ?
B
???
??????
41
??????? (1) ?????????????????????,?
????????,??????,???????????????? (2)
????????????,????????????????,???????????,????????
???? (3) ????????,???????????????????,????
?????????????????,???????????????
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(4) ??????????????,????????????????????????
???,??????????????????? (5)
??????????????????????,?????????,?????????
(6) ?????????????????????????????,??????????????
??,????????????
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??????? (1) ?????????????????????
,??????????,?????????????? (2)
???????????,???????????,??????????????????????????
,??????????,????????????? (3)
??????????????????,?????????????????????????????
??,?????? (4) ????????????????????,???/?
??????
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• D.?????
• ???????????,
• ?????????????
• ???????
• ?????????
• ????????????
• F????,???????
• A????,????????????????????????
• C????,?????? (???,???(?????????),????(????????
  ??))
• FCS?????,?CRC???

??
C
????
F
A
F
???
FCS
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• ???
• ??????????????????????????,?????????????????
• ????????????????????,??????????????
• ??????????????

???????
??????
?????
???????
46

• ????
• ??????????DTE????????(??????,?????,??????,??????)
  
• ??????
• ??????????????(????,?????,????)
• ?????????????(??????,??????,??????)
• ?????????????,????????????

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(2)???(Frame Relay)

• ?X.25??????,???????????????????,??????????????????
  ?????????,X.25????????????????,?????????
• ???????????????,????X.25???????,????????????????,?
  ?????????
• ??????????????,?X.25????????????,????????????????,
  ???????????????????,????????????

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??????????????
????
???
???
???
????
???
???
???
??????????
???????/????
????????????/??
(a) X.25?????
??/????
????
???
???
????
???
???
?????????
????????????/??
(b)????
49
?????????????
??
???
???
???
??
??
??
??
??
???????
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
????????????,?????????????????
????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????
???????
50
????????????
??
???
???
???
??
??
??
??
???????
??
??
????????????,????????? ???????????,???????
????(???)??????????????????????????
????????,??????????? ??????????????
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• ???????????????(HDLC)???,?????????????????????????
  ??,?????????(LAPB)?

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A?HDLC???

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HDLC???

• (1) ??F,??0111 1110??,???????????,?????????????
• ??????????????,????????5??1????0,??5??1????
  0???????,??????????

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HDLC???

• (2) ?????(A),?X.25???,??????????????/????????/????
  
• ???,DCE????/???A?,DTE?B?????,DCE?C?,DTE?D??

???? ???? ??????
A ??? 00000011
B ??? 00000001
C ??? 00001111
D ??? 00000111
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HDLC???

• (3) ??????(C),?????,???3????
• ???,bit 1?0,?????8??????N(S)??????N(R)?
• ???,????????????,3???
• RR??????,???????N(R)?????
• RNR???,????????
• REJ??????N(R)??,????,??????
• ????,????????????????????????(SABM)?????(DISC)????
  ??(DM)???(UA)???(FRMR)??

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HDLC???

• (4) ????(I),???????????,?????????????????
• (5) ?????(FCS),??16bitCRC????????,????CRC????,????
  ????,????????

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???
??????
R
R
????
R
R
??????
????????,??????????????????????????????????(??
?????),???????????????
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???
????
R
FR
FR
FR
FR
R
FR
FR
????
R
R
??????,????????????,???????????,??????
??????????????????????????,???????????,???????????
??????
59
B????????

• ???????????
• ?????(PVC permanent virtual channel )
• ?????(SVC switched virtual circuit )
• ?????(PVC)
• ?????????????????????PVC?????????????????????
• ?????(SVC)
• ????????????????????,??SVC???,??????????????

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C?????????

• ??????????
• ????????????
• ??????
• ???????
• ????????????

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D???????

• ???
• ????????
• ?????
• ???
• ???
• ???
• ???

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(3)??????--ATM

• ATM???
• ???????
• ??????????????,???????????????????????,???????????
  ????????
• ??????????,??????,??????,???????????,???????,?????
  ?????????????

63

• A? ATM ???

ATM?? (ITU-T I.113) ATM is A transfer mode
in which the information is organized into cells
it is asynchronous in the sense that the
recurrence of cells containing information from
an individual user is not necessarily periodic
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)???????,??????,???
?????,?????????????????,???????,???????????
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• ATM??????????????,????????????????????????????,???
  ?????????????????????,??????????,????????????????
• ??????????,?????????????????,??ATM??????????????,?
  ??????
• ?ATM?,??????????????????????(48??)????,??5??????,?
  ?53????????
• ???????????,????????????????,???????????(VPI)?????
  ??(VCI)??????,???????????????????

65
??????????

• ??????????ATM??
• ????????????
• ?????????,????????
• ???????????,????????????????

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B?ATM????

• ATM,??????????,??????53??????,48????????,5????????
  ????????,????????
• ??????????48?????,?????????????ATM???,????????????
  ?????
• ???????????,?????,??????????,???,????????????????
  ????,??????????????,???????

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C? ATM????

• ATM??????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????,ATM????????
• --??????????,?????????????
• --??????????????????
• --??VPI/VCI???????,???????????????
• --??????????

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ATM ????

• ???(5??)
• GFC???????GFC???????,4??,
• ??????????????????????
• VCI (Virtual Path Identifier )??????
  ????????????????
• VPI (Virtual Channel identifier
  )?????????65536?????
• PTI??????? 3??,???8????
• (???)

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• CLP????????1??,???????CLP0????????????CLP1????
  ???????
• HEC???????8??,????????????????I.432??,???????????
  ???
• ??(48 ??)????

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ATM????
?,ATM???????
PTI? ????
000 ????????,ATM????0
001 ????????,ATM????1
010 ????????,ATM????0
011 ????????,ATM????1
100 VC?OAM??(??????)
101 VC?OAM??(????????)
110 ??????(???????????)
111 ??

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ATM????????????
UNI
NNI
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CLP(???????)

• ??????????????? CLP0 ???
• CLP1 ???

• GFC??UNI???????
• ??????UNI????????????
• (Cyclic HALT)
• ???ATM????????????????
• ??UNI????????????ATM??

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• 2?????????
• ????IP??????????????,?????????????????????????????
  

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1.3 ??IP?????

• ??IP??????????
• (1)TCP/IP?????IP?????????
• (2)???????????,???????????,IP??????????????????,??
  ????

75

• (3)???IP???????????????,????????????,???????????
  ????,??????????

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• (4)????????IP??,???????????????
• (5)IP?????,????????????????????????

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• (6)IP???????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????????????

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1.4 ??IP???QoS

• 1.4.1 ??IP???QoS????
• 1?IP?????(QoS)???
• IP?????(QoSQuality of Service)??IP???????????????
  ??????????,???????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

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IP????
80
???????????????,???????????????,??????????????????
??????,????(Hz)???(kHz)???(MHz)???(GHz)??
QoS????
??
??
?IP???,????????????,??????????????????????? ?
????????????????????????????????,???bit/s?kbit/s?M
bit/s?Gbit/s??
????
???

????
81

• IP??????IP?????(???)???????????????

QoS????
??
??
??? ???? ????
???? ????
????
???

????
82
QoS????
??????????????????????,???????????????
??
??
IP???????,????????????????????????????????????
????
???

????
83
QoS????
?????????????????????,?????????????????????
??
??
?????????????????????
????
???

????
84
QoS????
??
???????????????????,??????????????????????????????
??
????
???

????
85
????
IP???QoS???
86
1.5 ??IP????????????

• 1.5.1 ??IP???????
• ??IP?????????????????????????????????

87

• 1???????
• ??????????????IP over ATM(POA)?IP over
  SDH(POS)?IP over DWDM?????????

88

• (1)IP over ATM
• IP over ATM(POA)?IP???ATM?????,???IP????????ATM???
  IP????

89

• (2)IP over SD
• IP over SDH(POS)?IP???SDH?????,??IP????????SDH???I
  P????

90

• (3)IP over DWDM
• IP over DWDM?IP?DWDM?????????
• ???????????????????,????????????????,?????????????
  ??????????,???????,????IP??????????????

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• (4)???????
• ?????????IP?????????????????IP????

92

• 2???????
• ?????????ADSL?HFC?FTTXLAN????????(???6?)?

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• 1.5.2 ??IP?????????
• ??IP?????????????,????,??IP??????????????IP over
  DWDM?

94
???

• ??IP?????IP????????

95
???

• ??IP??????????????????????

96
???

• ??IP????????????

97
???

• ????IP??QoS?????????

98
???

• ??IP???????????????

99
???

• ????IP???????

100
????!
2012?4?