Southern Europe

1
Southern Europe

• Chapter 16

2
Iberian Peninsula

• ?Analyze how past events have affected Spain.
• ?Compare and contrast Portugal and Spain.

3
What countries are located on the Iberian
Peninsula?

• Spain and Portugal

4
What did the Moors bring to Iberia in the 700s?

• Islamic religion
• New irrigation techniques
• Crafts
• New crops
• Universities
• Trade

5
List historical facts about Spain

• 700s ? Moors invade and start to rule
• 1492 ? Moors are driven out by the Christians
  from Rome, converting everyone to Roman
  Catholicism which is the main religion today.
• 1500s ? Spain has many over seas territories,
  due to a strong navy
• 1800s ? lost most of its territories, due to
  wars
• 1939 ? terrible civil war, democracy vs.
  dictatorship, Francisco Franco wins.
• 1975 ? Franco dies, return to democracy, 17
  regions with different levels of autonomy, self
  governing, while still having a central
  government
• Currently have a constitutional monarchy

6
How far is Spain from Africa?

• 8 miles

7
What is the most common feature of Spain's
villages and cities?

• Plazas- or large open areas in the center of
  town, usually in front of the church

8
What activities play a major role in the Spanish
economy?

• Manufacturing
• Textiles, clothing, footwear, ships, cars, etc
• Tourism
• Costa del Sol, Pyrenees, Balearic Is.
• Agriculture
• Olive oil, wine, oranges, corn, potatoes, tomatoes

9
Where was Portugals Empire?

• Africa, Asia, South America

10
Italian Peninsula

• ?Analyze how Italys history has affected its
  culture.
• ?Describe what Italy is like today.
• What shape does that look like?

11
List important facts about Rome.

• 1st city to hold 1 million people
• Center of the Roman Empire
• Capital of Italy
• Vatican City located inside, it is a completely
  independent country

12
Give details about Italy

• Northern part became rich from trade
• Even though the Alps separate it from the rest of
  Europe, it was the center of the Renaissance,
  which was a period from 1300s to 1500s marked by
  a renewed interest in learning in Europe.
• Italy was not a united country until 1861
• Member of the European Union and NATO

13
What is the most famous part of Italian culture?

• Food
• It is not anything you see on the Jersey Shore

14
Why is Rome important to Italy?

• Political Cultural Center
• Capital city
• Largest city
• Money from Tourism
• Historical city

15
Roman History
16
Greece and the Balkan Peninsula

• ?Analyze how Greece developed into a modern
  country
• .?Explain why the western Balkans are politically
  unstable.
• ?Describe the changes that are occurring in the
  eastern Balkans.

17
Trace the history of government in Greece.

• City-States which was the start of democracy.
• Roman Ottoman Turks controlled parts of Greece
• 1829 Greece becomes and independent country
• Many elected governments followed a Civil War,
  but military leaders took over in 1967
• 1974 return to democratic government

18
Greece has a large island named Crete

19
What challenges does Greece have today?

• Still a poor country, even though it is a member
  of the European Union, the Olympics being held in
  Athens (capital) has helped.
• Immigrants from Albania taking jobs
• Urbanizing quickly, which has led to many urban
  problems (smog, traffic, pollution)

20
Which countries make up the Western Balkans?

• Albania (Europes poorest country)
• Bosnia (Herzegovina)
• Croatia
• Macedonia
• Slovenia
• Serbia
• Montenegro
• Serbia Montenegro used to be combined to make
  Yugoslavia

21
Discuss the governments of the Western Balkans

• Controlled by the Ottoman Turks
• World War I most of the countries won
  independence from the Ottoman Empire
• Yugoslavia formed to unite Slavic people, after
  World War I, Albania has remained independent
  since 1912
• World War II USSR occupied Balkans except for
  Greece, with was ruled by a dictator named Tito
• 1980-1990 Yugoslavia starts to split up
• 1991 Slovenia Croatia declare independence
• 1992 Bosnia declares independence, Albania
  changes to democratic government

22
What are some causes for economic challenges in
the West Balkan countries?

• War
• Corruption with in the government
• Lack of industry with in the countries

23
What countries make up the Eastern Balkans?

• Bulgaria/Romania/ Moldova

24
Trace the Eastern Balkans road to independence.

• Historically controlled by the Romans,
  Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks
• Gained independence from the Ottomans after their
  empire collapsed at the end of World War I

• During and after World War II, their were
  controlled by the USSR
• Gained independence after the the fall of
  communism in 1990.

25
What are contributors to Eastern Balkan
underdeveloped economy?

• Lack of Housing
• Lack of Health Care
• Lack of Jobs

26
Define

• Enclave
• Cork (Portugal is the worlds leading producer)
• City-States
• Microstates

• Areas that are completely surrounded by another
  region.
• Bark that is stripped from the trunks of cork
  oaks.
• Self-governing cities and their surrounding
  areas, as in ancient Greece.
• Very small countries, such as Andorra, Monaco,
  and San Marino