The Women

1
The Womens Movement of the 1970s to Today
2
The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972)

• As the women's rights movement gained momentum in
  the 1960s and 1970s, Americans focused on
  inequities that inhibited the progress of females
  in education.
• Gender bias moved into the public policy realm
  when Rep. Edith Green introduced a higher bill
  with provisions for gender equity.
• President Nixon signed Title IX in June 1972.
• The final regulations were published in July
  1974.
• President Gerald Ford signed the Title IX
  regulations in May 1975 .

Rep. Edith Green
3
Proposed Equal Rights Amendment

• 3 years after women won the right to vote, the
  Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was introduced in
  Congress by Sen. Curtis and Rep. Anthony.
• It was authored by Alice Paul, head of the
  National Women's Party, who led the suffrage
  campaign.
• Echoing the efforts of Alice Paul, the Amendment
  was introduced into each session of Congress
  since 1923 to 1970.

Alice Paul
4
Phyllis Schlafly and the ERA

• One item on the agenda of social conservatives in
  the 1970's was the defeat of the ERA.
• Many felt that felt that "traditional family
  values" had been undermined by the women's
  movement.
• Others were repelled by what they believed was
  intervention by the state into the private
  sphere.
• The campaign to stop ratification was led by
  activist and self-described homemaker Phyllis
  Schlafly.
• ERA died in 1982, just three votes short of
  passage.

5
Defeat of the ERA

• The statute passed by Congress in March 1972.
• The amendment provided that ratifications must
  occur within 7 years. 
• 35 states out of the 38 needed ratified by 1978. 
  
• Congress extended the deadline to June 1982.
• The amendment failed to achieve the necessary 38
  ratifications.

6
Text of Proposed ERA

• Section 1. Equality of rights under the law
  shall not be denied or abridged by the United
  States or any State on account of sex.
• Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to
  enforce, by appropriate legislation, the
  provisions of this article.
• Section 3.  This amendment shall take effect two
  years after the date of ratification.

7
Shirley Chisholms Presidential Candidacy (1973)

• After successfully being elected to Congress,
  Shirley Chisholms next political move was a run
  at the presidency.
• From the beginning Chisholm knew her chances were
  slim, but to the surprise of other candidates and
  the American public, her campaign was more
  successful and inspirational than ever thought
  possible.

8
Geraldine Ferraro Vice-Presidential Candidate
(1984)

• A teacher and then attorney, Ferraro became a
  Congressional Representative of New York in 1978.
  
• She was a women's and human rights advocate,
  working for passage of the ERA, sponsoring the
  Women's Economic Equity Act, and seeking job
  training for displaced homemakers.
• In 1984, Ferraro ran for Vice President with
  former Vice President Walter Mondale.
• The ticket lost, but Ferraro's candidacy reshaped
  the American political and social landscape.

9
Women in Politics
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Women in Politics
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Citations Slide 2 http//clerk.house.gov/images/
weekinhistory/day7lg.jpg Slide 3
http//www.alicepaul.org/images/Alice20chair.jpg
Slide 4 http//img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/arc
hive/covers/1977/1101771226_400.jpg Slide 5
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/aw03e/images/a
wh03e01.jpg Slide 6 http//www.law.umkc.edu/facu
lty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/era.htm Slide 7
http//www.utexas.edu/lbj/news/spring2005/graphics
/chisholm.jpg Slide 8 http//history.sandiego.ed
u/gen/USPics45/1984ferraro.jpg Slide 9
http//www.footnote.tv/ftvcic02.html Slide 10
http//www.footnote.tv/ftvcic02.html Slide 11
http//www.withington.manchester.sch.uk/downloads/
Content/prospectus20images/89ssEngClassroom.jpg