Our Solar System.

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Our Solar System.
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• Astronomical unit is the distance between the
  Earth and the Sun 1.496 X 10

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• The planets are not at a constant distance away
  from the sun
• Perihelion is when a planet is closest to the sun
• Aphelion is when a planet is furthest away from
  the sun
  June 6th
• Jan 6th

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The Sun Our Special Star
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The Sun Activity

• Sunspot cycle 11.2 years

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The Planets
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My MercuryVery Venus Educated
EarthMother MarsJust Jupiter
Served SaturnUs UranusNachos Neptun
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Inner or rocky planets

• Which ones are inner planets?
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
• Mars
• Have solid, rocky surfaces
• Closer to the sun

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Mercury
Faster than a speeding bullet

• Period of revolution 88 days
• Period of rotation 58 days
• Diameter 4880 km

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More about Mercury

• Closest planet to the sun
• No moons
• Essentially it has no atmosphere, what little
  atmosphere that does exist is oxygen and sodium
• Daytime temperature is about 427oC,
• night time temperatures are about -173oC
• it has the greatest day-night temperature
  difference of all planets
• Surface is rocky and cratered, there is evidence
  that lava once flowed on the surface

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Venus
Diameter 12,104 km Period of revolution 225
days Period of rotation 243 days
Greenhouse in the Sky
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Venus continued

• 2nd planet from the sun
• It is the brightest planet in Earths nighttime
  sky
• No moons
• Atmosphere is CO2
• Has a thick cloud cover which prevents observers
  from seeing the surface
• greenhouse effect
• Daytime temperatures are 480oC (hot enough to
  melt lead!) Night-time temperatures are -33oC
• Venus has similarities to Earth like diameter,
  mass, and density
• No magnetic field

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Earth

• Diameter 12,756 km
• Period of revolution 365 days
• Period of rotation 24 hours

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Earth

• 3rd rock from the sun
• Has 1 natural satellite, the moon
• Contains lots of life-supporting water
• Water occurs as gas, liquid, and solid
• Oxygen-rich atmosphere

• Atmosphere is made of oxygen and nitrogen

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Mars
Diameter 6974 km Period of revolution 1.88
years Period of rotation 24.5 hours
The Rusty Planet
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More about Mars

• 4th planet from the sun
• High iron content in the soil is responsible for
  its reddish surface color
• 2 irregularly shaped moons, Phobos and Deimos
• thin atmosphere
• largest mountain which is a volcano, Olympus Mons
• Surface has dried river and lake beds which
  suggest that liquid water once existed on Mars
• dry ice CO2 exists at each pole, which covers
  water ice
• Low temps -130 oC, high temps -31oC
• No magnetic field

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The outer planets are

• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune
• Larger in size
• Made of gases or liquids
• All gas giants have rings
• Also known as gas giants

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Jupiter
The planet that was almost a star
Diameter142,700 km Period of revolution 11.86
years Period of rotation 10 hours
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Jupiter continued

• 5th from the sun
• Largest planet
• Hydrogen and Helium make up most of the
  atmospheric gases
• Has the shortest day in the solar system
• The Great Red Spot, a storm, has been rotating
  around Jupiter for more than 300 years
• 16 satellites
• 4 major moons
• Io (has volcanic activity), Europa, Ganymede,
  and Callisto
• Scientists believe if Jupiter would have grown
  larger during the formation of the solar system
  it could have been a star
• High temps 29,700C, low temps -95C

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Saturn
A world of many rings

• Diameter 120,000 km
• Period of revolution 29.46 years
• Period of rotation 10.5 hours

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More about Saturn

• 6th planet from the sun
• Atmosphere is mainly Hydrogen and Helium
• 18 known satellites Titan is a major moon
• Broader and brighter ring system than the other
  gas giants
• Rings are made of pieces of rock and ice (size
  ranges from microscopic to the size of a house)

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Uranus

• Diameter 50,800 km
• Period of revolution 84.01 years
• Period of rotation 16.8 hours

A Planet on its Side
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Uranus continued

• Atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane
• The planet seems tipped because its axis is
  tilted
• Its rings appear to circle the planet from top to
  bottom
• 15 moons, 2 are geologically active Miranda and
  Ariel

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Neptune

• Diameter 48,600 km
• Period of revolution 164.8 years
• Period of rotation 16 hours

The Mathematicians Planet
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more about Neptune

• Due to Uranus unusual orbit, scientists
  calculated that there must be another planet
  beyond Uranus, Neptune was discovered exactly
  where it had been calculated to be
• Huge clouds of methane float in an atmosphere of
  hydrogen and helium
• 8 moons, Triton is 4th largest moon in the solar
  system

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Dwarf Planets

• Pluto hit the headlines in 2006 when it was
  demoted from a planet to a dwarf planet by the
  International Astronomical Union. While most
  astronomers agreed with the new classifications,
  some disagreed and still refer to Pluto as the
  ninth planet.
• Ceres is located in the asteroid belt between the
  orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was discovered in
  1801, well before Pluto and 45 years
  before Neptune. Ceres was considered a planet for
  around 50 years before being reclassified as an
  asteroid and once again in 2006 as a dwarf
  planet.
• Eris was discovered in 2005 and was referred to
  as the tenth planet until it was reclassified in
  2006. It is the largest of the dwarf planets.
• Makemake was discovered in 2005 and the third
  largest dwarf planet behind Eris and Pluto.
• Haumea was discovered in 2004 and named
• a dwarf planet in 2008.

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Kuiper Belt and Oort CloudHome of Comets
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Asteroids

• Fragments of rock that orbit the sun
• Millions are found in the asteroid belt between
  Mars and Jupiter

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Comets

• Small icy bodies that orbit the sun
• Comets can come from the Kuiper Belt that is
  30-50 AU away or the Oort Cloud that is more than
  100 AU away

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Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
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• Is there more to be discovered?