MODULE 2

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MODULE 2
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Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing
  is designed to protect the employee from chemical
  or physical hazards.
• All other safety precautions must be in effect
  where possible before PPE is used.
• Elimination Substitution
• Engineering Controls Administration Controls
• PPE
• Last effort to protect from exposure

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Selection, Fit and Adjustment
• Determine necessary PPE
• Pre-job planning
• Site specific orientation
• Supervisor
• SDS
• Container labels

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Selection, Fit and Adjustment
• Meet ANSI requirements
• Inspect
• Check PPE for
• Fit
• Construction
• Operation

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Selection, Fit and Adjustment
• Employers Responsibilities
• Specify appropriate PPE
• Train on proper usage
• Employees Responsibilities
• Don and use correctly
• Care for PPE
• Be aware of limitations
• Wear even if it takes more time

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Person Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Work Clothes/Personal Protective Equipment
• It is important to choose PPE that fits you
  properly size, weight, shape and type for the
  job.
• If you have a change in body type that would
  potentially cause your PPE to not fit properly,
  contact your supervisor immediately.
• PPE should be inspected on a regular basis and
  replaced when damaged or worn.

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Head Protection Hard Hat/Safety Helmet

• Anyone working or standing in the perimeter of
  identified hazardous areas is required to wear a
  hard hat at all times.
• Hard hats must meet ANSI Z 89.1 and OSHA
  standards as applicable.
• The hat cannot be altered in any way such as
  carving, holes or removing parts.

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Head Protection Hard Hat/Safety Helmet

• Hard hats must be plastic and not metal.
• Hats and liners are to be
• Washed periodically with soapy water.
• Inspected before each use.
• Replaced as needed.

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Head Protection Hard Hat/Safety Helmet

• The hard hat liner is the suspension system.
• Adjust so there is a one-inch gap between the
  hard hat liner and the hard hat.
• The hat should fit comfortably and securely to
  the head.
• If a hard hat cap is worn, the bill must face
  the front.

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Eye Protection - Goggles Face Shields

• All employees shall use approved eye or face
  protection (ANSI Z-87) when working on equipment
  when in areas identified as hazardous.
• Employees who wear prescription lenses shall wear
  eye protection that incorporates the prescription
  in the design, or over-the-glasses protective
  wear. (ANSI Z-87.1)

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Eye Protection - Goggles Face Shields

• When supervising, helping or performing welding
  operations, all filter lenses must meet the
  requirements of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133.
• Contact lenses must be soft or gas permeable.

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Eye Protection - Goggles Face Shields

• Face shields should be worn if greater protection
  from splashes and flying debris is needed.
• Face shields must be worn with safety glasses or
  goggles.

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Eye Protection - Goggles Face Shields

• Safety glasses and face shields shall be worn
  when
• Pouring a rope socket
• Power washing
• Grinding
• Chipping
• Performing any function with the potential for
  flying debris.

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Eye Protection - Goggles Face Shields

• Safety goggles are required to be available on
  location at all times.
• Check for cracks, scratches and other impairments
  that may affect performance.

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Hand Protection - Gloves

• The selection of hand protection shall be based
  on
• A hazard assessment
• Conditions present
• Duration of exposure
• Potential hazard
• Glove material
• Company policy
• SDS

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Hand Protection - Gloves, Etc.

• Make sure there is no skin exposed between the
  glove and sleeve when working with chemicals.
• Caution should be taken when wearing gloves
  around rotating and moving equipment.
• Barrier creams are not considered adequate hand
  protection.

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Foot Protection - Safety Toed Boots

• Safety-toed boots are required to be worn in the
  shop, yard and all field locations.
• Boots must have a safety cap and non-skid soles
  and must meet ANSI Z-41.
• Boots must be in good condition and have a well
  defined heel.

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Hearing Protection

• Employees working in areas where the noise level
  exceeds 85 decibels are required to wear hearing
  protection.
• Hearing protection must meet the Noise Reduction
  Rating (NRR) specified by ANSI.
• Earplugs can be reusable or disposable.
• Most importantly they need to be properly
  cleaned and stored.

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Hearing Protection

• Always wash your hands before inserting earplugs.
• A tight protective seal is needed so insert the
  earplug well into the ear.
• Earmuffs also protect your hearing and can be
  worn apart from the hard hat or attached to it.
• Earplugs and ear muffs may be worn together to
  provide double hearing protection.

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Clothing and Jewelry

• Some companies require Fire Retardant Clothing
  (FRC) based upon the hazards which exist on
  location.
• Close-fitting cotton or wool clothing is
  suggested.
• Do not wear baggy or worn clothing.

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Clothing and Jewelry

• Long hair should be tied up and secured under the
  hard hat.
• Well-servicing and other workers should never
  wear rings, watches, and other jewelry that could
  catch on tools or machinery or conduct
  electricity.

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Respiratory Protection

• Necessary for environments
• That contain respiratory hazards
• That potentially contain respiratory hazards
• That cannot be controlled by other means

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Respiratory Protection

• Requirements for respirator uses
• Medical questionnaire
• Fit Testing on the Make, Model and Size of
  respirator you will be wearing
• Respiratory protection training
• IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life/Health)
  environments require quantitative fit testing

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Respiratory Protection

• Types of Respirators
• Air-purifying (APR)
• Supplied-Air (SAR)

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Respiratory Protection

• Air-purifying Respirator
• Filters existing air
• Does not supply air or oxygen
• Match cartridge for environment
• Not for oxygen deficient environments

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Respiratory Protection

• Supplied Air Respirator
• Hoseline
• Uses regulator
• Connected to Grade D Air
• Cascade system or air compressor
• Self-contained breathing apparatus
• Fully self-contained unit
• SCBAs and SARS
• Only type for IDLH environments

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• If you cannot eliminate or control the hazard,
  protect yourself with PPE.
• Remember that PPE does not remove the risk, it
  lessens the impact of the risk.

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Job Safety Analysis
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Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• JSAs must be in place to ensure workers have the
  skills to identify, understand and mitigate
  hazards to ensure tasks are completed safely.
• Processes to monitor do not need to require a lot
  of time or paperwork.
• Take a few minutes before each significant task
  to evaluate the situation.

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Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• There are multiple formats to achieve this
  process including but not limited to JSA, JSEA,
  JHA, JRA. It is important that you understand
  your specific companies requirement for this
  tool.
• The purpose of the JSA is to create a
  communication between all the participants in the
  job task as to the hazards and mitigation
  associated with that task. It is every
  participants role and responsibility to
  participate in the JSA process.

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Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Steps of a JSA
• Write down the steps of the task.
• Determine where a change in activity, change in
  direction or movement takes place.
• Identify hazard and mitigate it if possible.
• Recommend actions for hazard mitigation and
  control measures.

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Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Control measures may include
• Engineering controls such as mechanical
  assistance, equipment redesign, housekeeping or
  ventilation.
• Administrative controls such as training,
  hazardous energy control, or changing how the
  task is completed.
• Personal Protective Equipment such as respiratory
  equipment, hearing protection or clothing.

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Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Develop a worksite diagram that includes
  identified hazards and evacuation routes, and
  assembly area.
• Conduct a tailgate safety meeting with affected
  parties.
• Use the Stop Work Authority when work deviates
  from the analysis document.
• The recommended time to conduct a JSA is before
  beginning any new work.
• The JSA must be updated for any change in scope
  of the work

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Simultaneous Operations
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Simultaneous Operations

• When simultaneous operations are going on, you
  must be aware of all the hazards that could
  potentially affect your safety and the safety of
  others.
• Examples of simultaneous operations would be
  drilling and wire line or drilling and cementing
  being done at the same time.
• Good communication is critical to avoid accidents.

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Hazard Communication(Right to Know Standard)
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Hazard Communication

• There are two basic types of chemical hazards the
  regulation applies to Health and Physical.

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Hazard Communication

• The Right to Know standard is important so that
  you may protect yourself from chemical hazard
  injury
• Chemicals are present in all aspects of our
  lives, home and work.
• Chemicals present a hazard when they are not
  properly used, stored, labeled, mixed and handled.

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Hazard Communication

• Evaluation of all chemicals
• Written HCS program
• Chemical Inventory
• Safety data sheets (SDS)
• Labeling
• Employee training and compliance

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Hazard Communication

• US aligns with GHS
• GHS
• International approach to hazard communication
• Consistent standards
• Includes all hazardous chemicals
• Foundation for
• Safe use of chemicals
• Risk management systems
• Hazard communication

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Hazard Communication

• GHS provides standardization through
• Detailed criteria for hazard determination
• Standardized label elements
• Harmonized SDS format

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Hazard Communication

• Three areas of change
• Hazard classification
• Labels
• SDSs

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Hazard Communication

• Labels
• Communicate hazards of a substance or chemical
• Product warning label carried from point of
  transfer to workplace
• Consists of
• Colors
• Shapes
• Numerals
• Terms

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Hazard Communication

• Warning labels must
• Be consistent with HCS
• Not conflict with hazard warnings and pictograms
• Identify the chemical
• Provide name and address of manufacturer
• List appropriate hazard warnings
• Be legible
• Be written in English

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Hazard Communication

• Labels
• Information provided on labels
• Product Identifier
• Supplier information
• Pictograms and symbolic labels
• Signal words
• Hazard statements
• Precautionary statements

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Hazard Communication
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Hazard Communication

• Labels
• Pictograms
• Symbol plus graphic elements
• Convey information about the hazards
• Convey
• Physical hazards
• Health hazards
• Environmental hazards

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Hazard Communication Label Pictograms
Skull Crossbones
Flame
Acute Toxicity (Fatal or toxic)
Flammable Self Reactive Pyrophoric Self-Heating Em
its Flammable Gas Organic Peroxides
Exclamation Mark
Skin Eye Irritant Dermal Sensitizer Acute
Toxicity (harmful) Transient Target Organ
Effects Harmful to Ozone Layer (not mandatory)
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Hazard Communication Label Pictograms
Exploding Bomb
Explosives Self Reactive Organic Peroxide
Health Hazard
Carcinogenicity Respiratory Sensitizer Reproductiv
e Toxicity Target Organ Toxicity Mutagenicity Aspi
ration Toxicity
Gas Cylinder
Gases Under Pressure
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Hazard Communication Label Pictograms
Flame over Circle
Corrosion
Oxidizers
Corrosive
Environment
Chemicals that effect environment
(Not required by OSHA, but is required by EPA)
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Hazard Communication

• Containers may have one or a combination of
  hazard rating systems in addition to the required
  GHS label.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)

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Hazard Communication

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• NFPA Label 704 uses numbers to determine degree
  of hazard and colors to indicate type of hazard

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Hazard Communication

• Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)

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Hazard Communication

• DOT Placards
• Diamond shaped warning signs
• Numbers at base indicate DOT hazardous material
  class

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Hazard Communication
SDS Safety Data Sheet

• Identification
• Hazard(s) Identification
• Composition/Ingredient Information
• First-Aid Measures
• Fire-Fighting Measures
• Accidental Release Measures
• Handling and Storage
• Exposure Control / Personal Protection

• Physical Chemical Properties
• Stability Reactivity
• Toxicological Information
• Ecological Information
• Disposal Considerations
• Transport Information
• Regulatory Information
• Other Information

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Hazard Communication

• Safety Data Sheets
• Maintained in binder
• Located where chemical is used

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Hazard Communication

• Chemical Inventory
• Up-to-date inventory
• Each chemical must have SDS
• Employees trained
• Use inventory list
• Identify chemicals

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Hazard Communication

• Training Requirements
• Part of orientation process
• New physical or health hazards
• Determine presence of release
• What hazards are presented
• How to protect yourself

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Accident PreventionSigns and Tags
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Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Signs and tags are used to define specific
  hazards that may lead to incidental injury to
  workers or the public, or to property damage.
• Wording of signs should be
• Easy to read and concise.
• Contain sufficient information to be understood.
• Make a positive suggestion.

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Accident Prevention Signs and Tags
Warning Signs and Tags
Sign Use Color Scheme Examples
Danger A hazardous situation in which a high probability of death or severe injury exists. Recommended to be predominantly RED. Red and black On white
Caution/Warning A hazardous situation which may result in minor or moderate injury. Recommended to be predominantly YELLOW Black on yellow Black on orange
Safety A hazard level between Danger and Caution Green on white
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Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Tags
• Tags are not required to be used where signs,
  guarding or other positive means of protection
  are being used.
• Tags convey the same types of messages as a sign
  but are typically made of paper or plastic and
  are attached as close as safely possible to a
  specific hazard.

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Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Tags must be used until the identified hazard is
  eliminated or the hazardous operation is
  complete.
• Tags carry the same types of warnings, color
  coding and positive messages as a sign.

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Working at Heights
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Working at Heights

• Falling from heights is a common cause of injury
  and death.
• OSHA has standards to protect employees while
  working at heights
• General industry 4 feet
• Construction 6 feet
• As with all activities never exceed your level of
  training.

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Working at Heights

• Conventional Systems
• Guardrail Systems
• Safety Net Systems
• Personal Fall Protection
• Fall arrest systems
• Positioning systems
• Travel restraint systems

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Working at Heights

• Fall protection systems must be in place when
  working above OSHA required heights.
• 100 Tie-off is required when wearing a Personal
  Fall Arrest System (PFAS)

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Working at Heights - Anchor Point

• Anchorage for fall arrest system
• 80 of all errors
• Directly above and behind worker
• Withstand 5000lbs per worker attached
• Inadequate tie-off points
• Hand railings
• Process piping
• Cable trays

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Working at Heights - Full-Body Harness

• Minimize injury
• Maintains body in vertical position
• Distributes force of fall

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Working at Heights - Full-Body Harness

• To be effective
• Wear properly
• Inspect as per company requirements, at a minimum
  manufacturers requirements
• Visually inspect prior to use
• Destroy if subject to fall
• Follow manufacturers instructions

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Working at Heights - Inspection

• Fall protection should be inspected before each
  use. Look for
• Wear and damage
• Buckles working properly
• Grommets are not stretched or broken
• Signs of a previous fall

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Working at Heights - Lanyard

• Connect anchor to harness
• Length varies
• Limit free fall distance
• 6 feet or less
• Use in fall protection system
• Improvised lanyards not acceptable
• Double locking design
• Attach to back of full body harness

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Working at Heights

• Self Retracting Lanyard (SRL)
• Alternate connecting devices to shock absorbing
  lanyards.
• Make certain the lanyard is the proper length to
  allow the necessary worker movement and
  positioning.
• Make certain that the right material type is
  chosen. Cable works best in high heat
  environments or around sharp edges. Webbing
  works best in most other applications.

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Working at Heights

• Do not expose fall protection equipment to
  corrosive materials or vapors, hazardous
  chemicals, or high temperatures.
• The harness shall not be altered or misused to
  insure maximum protection during use.
• When donning your fall protection, you must
  follow the manufacturers procedure for fitting
  the harness.

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Working at Heights

• Care
• Always follow manufacturer recommendations for
  proper care and cleaning of your fall protection.
• Fall protection should be cleaned with water and
  mild soap detergent solution and hung to air dry.
• Store fall protection in a cool, dry, clean area
  out of direct sunlight.

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Working at Heights

• Properly fitting fall protection will be snug to
  the body and have room enough to place two
  fingers between the leg and the leg straps.
• Too much room can cause you to be turned upside
  down in a fall which reduces your rescue time
  and can cause injury.

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Working at Heights

• All movement of the rigs blocks should cease
  until personnel are in the workstations and
  secured to proper fall protection.
• At no time shall an employee be unprotected from
  a fall while in the derrick or working above the
  required height except in an emergency evacuation.

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Working at Heights

• Lifting of personnel with Air hoist or hydraulic
  winch
• Must be approved for Lifting personnel
• Operator must not
• Leave controls
• Lift load on same line
• Inspect fall arrest components before use

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Working at Heights

• Powered platforms (Scissor Lifts)
• Used during building maintenance
• Moves in one direction only
• Vehicle mounted platforms
• Vehicle-mounted device
• Telescoping
• Articulating
• Positions personnel

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Working at Heights

• Protection from falling objects use
• Toeboards
• Barricades
• Canopies
• Hard Hats
• Lines

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MODULE 2REVIEW