Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• Charles Page High School
• Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• A vertebrate that has moist skin with glands, but
  lacks scales and claws is a(n) amphibian
• If an amphibian still has a tail after it
  undergoes the process of metamorphosis, it is
  probably a salamander

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• As adults, both frogs and toads have hind legs
  adapted for jumping
• To breathe, adult amphibians (unlike the larvae)
  use their lungs
• In the circulatory system of adult amphibians,
  the first loop carries what oxygen-content of
  blood, and to what location? Oxygen-poor to the
  lungs

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• Fishes are characterized by each of the following
  except a bony skeleton scales fins pharyngeal
  gills
• Describe the first fishes according to their body
  covering and jaws. Covered with bony plates and
  jawless

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• The pectoral fins of fishes evolved into what
  structure in terrestrial animals? forelimbs
• What is the largest known fish? White shark
• Discuss some of the extraordinary feeding
  adaptations of fish. Lighted lures, shoots down
  insects with water, long snout with teeth, teeth
  fused to short beak

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• In fishes, blood from the muscles and organs
  collects in the sinus venosus
• Give some examples of the jawless fishes.
  Lampreys and hagfish
• How do skates and rays move? Wing-like pectoral
  fins
• Why are coelacanths important in evolutionary
  history? Nearest land ancestor

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• Adult amphibians are vertebrates, but do they lay
  eggs with a shell on them? no
• Huge amphibians became so numerous 345 to 285
  million years ago that the term Age of
  Amphibians is often applied to this period named
  carboniferous Period.

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• How do tadpoles, salamander larvae, and a few
  adult salamanders get rid of excess carbon
  dioxide? through their skin
• The heart of a tadpole has how many chambers? two
• In vertebrates, what are the tubes that carry
  urine from the kidneys? ureters

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• In an amphibian, what does the nictitating
  membrane cover? eye
• In a frog, blood returning from the legs collects
  in the vena cava
• The red eft is a stage of development of the
  crimson-spotted newt
• The circulatory system of a fish is called a
  singe-loop.

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• If a fish is cartilaginous and has jaws, it is
  classified in the class chondrichthyes
• The kidneys of a freshwater fish pump out much
  dilute urine.
• Salmon can distinguish between the odor of their
  home stream and others by using their
  chemorecepters

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• Give an example of an oviparous fish that cares
  for their young. Siamese fighting fist,
  sticklebacks, cichlids and catfish, male seahorse
  
• The heyday of the amphibians ended because
  climate change
• How do adult amphibians typically get their food?
  carnivores
• What part of the frog and toad brain coordinates
  jumping? cerebellum

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• Were the first fishes armored with jaws? No,
  jawless
• How many species of living lobe-finned fishes are
  there today? two
• The feeding adaptation in fish that
  revolutionized vertebrate evolution was the jaw

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• During the Ordovician and Silurian Periods,
  jawless fishes underwent a major adaptive
  radiation.

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• In moist woods, look under logs and rocks to find
  toads.
• Fishes in which embryos are nourished directly
  inside the body are called viviparous
• Because of their external fertilization, frogs
  must be oviparous

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Chapter 31 ReviewFishes and Amphibians

• A fish in which the teeth are constantly replaced
  throughout life is the shark
• The armored jawless fishes were ultimately an
  evolutionary dead end.