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• 2010???????
• ???
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9 ????Oxygen Family Elements
???? 1?????????? 2???????????????????? 3???SO2?SO
3?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? 4?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??3
3

• Oxygen Sulphur Selenium
• O S Se
• Tellurium Polonium
• Te Po
• ???????
• (ore-forming element)

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? ?

• 9.1???????
• 9.2 ?
• 9.3 ?????
• 9.4???????
• 9.5???

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9.1???????

• 9.1.1??????????
• 9.1.2 ??????
• 9.1.3 ????????
• 9.1.4???????

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1. ???????
?OO2?H2O?SiO2????????????
??48.6,??1?? ?S ?????????????? PbS,
??? ZnS????? CaSO42H2O, ??
Na2SO410H2O,??? BaSO4 , ???
SrSO4?,?0.048 ,??16?? ? Se??? PbSe, ??? CuSe
? Te??? PbTe ,?10-6-10-7 ?
Po?????,???????  
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2.???????

• ????
• ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,????????????????????    
  1774?,???????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????????????????,?????????????????,??????????8
  ?1?????????,??????10??????????,???????????????????
  ??????????,????????????????????????????,1777?,??
  ????????Oxygen(?),??????

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• ????
• ?????????????????????????????(?)????????,?????????
  ?????,???????????????
• 1776?,?????????????????,????????????????Sulphur,??
  ???Sulf- ur,?????????Sulvere,???????

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• ????
• ??1818???????????????,??????????????????????,?????
  ???,?????????,???????,????????
• ???????????Selene?????Selenium,?????????????????
  ????710-5,??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

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• ????
• ????????????????????????,???????????????????1798?
  ,??????????(M.H.Klaproth)????????????,????????????
  ??????,???????,????????,????????????????,????????
  ????

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• ????
• 1898?7?,??????????????????,????????????????,?????,
  ??????????????????.??????????.?????????,??????
  ????????????.??????????? ?

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(No Transcript)
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9.1???????

• 9.1.1??????????
• 9.1.2 ??????
• 9.1.3 ????????
• 9.1.4???????

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?????????
15
????????
16
??????????????,????????????
(1) ???? O S Se
Te Po
(4) ?? ????? ?????

?????
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????????
???????????????????
?????????????
?????????????????,???????
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9.1???????

• 9.1.1??????????
• 9.1.2 ??????
• 9.1.3 ????????
• 9.1.4???????

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(1) ?????,H2O2?O2?O3??????
(2) ????,?????????
(3) ???????????????????????????.
(4)???????,???????????????????(??????????????)
(5)????????????????
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9.1???????

• 9.1.1??????????
• 9.1.2 ??????
• 9.1.3 ????????
• 9.1.4???????

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• ?
• ?????????????????????????65???????????????,??????
  ?????????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????,?????????????,?????????
  ?????
• ??????,??????????????????,??????????????,?????????
  ???,????????????
• ??????????,????????????????????,??????????????????
  ?,????????????????????,?????1,?????????3
  ???????????????,????????????????????????????????,?
  ????

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(No Transcript)
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• ?
• ??????????,??????????,??????????,?????????????????
  ?????????,??????????????,???????????5.???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  .????????????,???????????
• ???????????????????????????,???????,??????,???????
  ???????,????,????,????????????????,???????????????
  ????????,????????????,??????????????????????,????
  ????,?????????????????????,???????????
• ?????????????????????????(Na2SO3?S??)?????????S2C
  l2???????????????????????????????Ca(HSO3)2????????
  ?????,???????????????????????,????????????????????
  ???????????????????SO2??????????

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• ?
• ????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????,??????????,????????????????
  ??????,?????????????????,????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ,???????????,??????????????????????,?????,???????
  ?????????????????????,?????????????????????????,
  ????????
• ?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
  ????,???????????????????????,??????????????,??????
  ??????????

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Se ????? ? ???? a Se???????????????????
?????????????,?????,?????
b ??????As?Hg?Cd??????(??????) c
????????????????Se???,????????????????????
?Se????????????????????? ?????(ppm)??(1.44),??(1
.18),?(1.12),???(1.01),??? 0.05mg/day?
??????????????????? ????(gt3ppm)??(1961?????????
???????(????Se2343ppm)?????????????????
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• ?
• ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????C,?????????????????????,????,??????????
  
• ???????????????????80????????,???????????????????
  ????????,?????????,??????????????,??????????,?????
  ?????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????As32Te48Si20??????????????
  ????????????????????????,????? 
• ?????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????
  ?????,???????????????????????????,??????????CO2???
  ?,??????????????????????,????????????????? ?

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• ?
• ?210???????1000??,???,0.1??????100??,?-210???????,
  ???????????????????,???????,????????????,????????
  
• ?-210????????,????????????,??????????????,????????
  ??-210??????,????????????????,????????????????
• ????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????
  ??????????,??????????-210?????,??????????????,????
  ??????????????????????????????,????????????????

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? ?

• 9.1???????
• 9.2 ?
• 9.3 ?????
• 9.4???????
• 9.5???

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9.2 ?

• 9.2.1 ??????
• 9.2.2 ??
• 9.2.3 ????

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1.?????????????
2s22px22py12pz1
????????O2-
??????????O
??????
?????? -O-
?????? OO
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(1) ???????????O2-??????? ?Na2O,CaO
(2) ??-2 ?????? ????(-O-) ?H2O, Cl2O ?
????(???????,?????????, ?????p?)
???OCO? ??? CO, NO??????
??? 1.?????????????????????????2P??,?????????
???O???SO42-???
2.?????????????????????,????????,??????,???,???
??????????????d-pp?,?PO43-??P ? O??

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2????????????(??????) ??????KO3,????O3F2
3??????????? (1) O2 ???????????????????(O2-)?????
(O22-)?????KO2 ,Na2O2 (2) ??????????H-O-O-H
(3) ?????O2 ????????????????,?O2 ?F2 ?????Pt?,
O2 ???F????????????????? O2 Pt3F2
O2PtF6- ?? XePtF6XePtF6
?????????????????????????
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?? ??????
1 ???? (1) ??? ???? O2-??????????,???????
????????????? (2) ??? ???????????????
? ?????,???2???,??OF2? ?
????????????,???-2????
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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3 ???????????
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4 ??????????????? ?O3- ????????????,
?KO3?NH4O3 ???????-O-O-O-?????????,?O3F
2?
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9.2 ?

• 9.2.1 ??????
• 9.2.2 ??
• 9.2.3 ????

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1. ??
???????O16?O17? O18?
???????????O2?O3?
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(1) ?????
???? ????????????,??????(??
??99.5 ????)?
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(2) ???????
????,??????????,?????????????NO?SnCl2?KI?H
2SO3????
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(No Transcript)
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2. ???
?????,O -2?????,RxOy?
(1)???????????? ??? ????????????
??? ?????????????? ???? ?????
BeO ??2 578 ?C
MgO ??2 806 ?C (?)
RuO4 ??25.4 ?C(?) ???? SO2?CO
,C12O7(???) ???? SiO2 (??l 713 ?C,?)
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(2) ??????
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(No Transcript)
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(3) ??????
????????????,????????,? BeO 2 578 ? ,MgO
2 806 ?,SiO2 l 713 ? ?
?????????????????????????C12O7 -911.5 ?(?)
,RuO4 25.4 ??
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a. ???????? ? ????,?RuO4?OsO4?
? ?????????,?Na2O, BaO,B2O2, CO2,P2O5?SO3?
? ?????????,?BeO,MgO,Sc2O3?Sb2O3? ?
????,?Fe2O3?MnO2??
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(No Transcript)
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?????????????????
Na2OH2O2NaOH Na2OH2SO4Na2SO4H2O CaOH2OCa(O
H)2 CuOH2SO4CuSO4H2O
SO2H2OH2SO3 SO22NaOHNa2SO3H2O CO2Ca(OH)2CaC
O3H2O
????????????,?????????
???????????,????,????? ?????????,????,?????
??????????,???????,?? ?????
LiO BeO B2O3 CO2 N2O5 NaO MgO Al2O3
SiO2 P2O5 SO3 ???? ????
???? ????
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9.2 ?

• 9.2.1 ??????
• 9.2.2 ??
• 9.2.3 ????

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???????????,????????????
?????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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??

• ?????????????????????????????

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??

• ?????????

? ??
???? ???? ??/K ??/K ???? 273K???????(ml/L) ?? ??? 54.6 90 154 49.1 ??? ??? 21.6 160.6 268 494
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2. ???????
???SO2?????????????
???????????????????
1.???????????
?? ??
2.???????????p??
3.p???????p?????????
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• ? ??????

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3. ?????
? ???? ??????????
2 O3 3 O2 ?rHm?- 285.4
kJmol-1 ????????????,???????
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(No Transcript)
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????????????????????,???????????????????
2 Ag 2 O3 Ag2O2 2 O2
PbS 4 O3 PbSO4 4 O2 XeO3
O3 2 H2O H4XeO6 O2
?????CN- ???CO2 ? N2,???????????????????
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4. ???????
????????????????????????,?????????
NO2?NO?CO? H2S?SO2...
??? ????? ?CFCl3 CF2Cl2
??????? ??????
???????O3????,??O3???????
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????????????????
???????????,?????1987??????????,??????????????????
??
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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5.?????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????,?????????????????????

??????????????????,???????????,???????,?????
?? ??????????1ppm?,???????,??????????
???????????,????????????????
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Good Ozone. Ozone occurs naturally in the Earths
upper atmosphere10 to 30 miles above the Earths
surfacewhere it forms a protective layer that
shields us from the suns harmful ultraviolet
rays. This beneficial ozone is gradually being
destroyed by manmade chemicals. An area where
ozone has been significantly depletedfor
example, over the North or South poleis
sometimes called a hole in the ozone. Bad
Ozone. In the Earths lower atmosphere, near
ground level, ozone is formed when pollutants
emitted by cars, power plants, industrial
boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other
sources react chemically in the presence of
sunlight. Ozone at ground level is a harmful
pollutant. Ozone pollution is a concern during
the summer months, when the weather conditions
needed to form itlots of sun, hot temperatures
normally occur.
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1995???????

• ????????????,??????????????????,?????????????

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9.2 ?

• 9.2.1 ??????
• 9.2.2 ??
• 9.2.3 ????

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1. ?
?????1H?H?2H?D,3H?T,
?????16O,17O?18O???????9?????
H216O H217O
H218O HD16O
HD17O HD18O
D216O D217O D218O
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2. ????(H2O2)
(1) H2O2??????
???H2O2?????????????
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(2) H2O2???
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(No Transcript)
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H2O2?????????-OH?O-O???
(3) ??????? ????????
???? ????
??(423 K)???? ?H2O????????
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(No Transcript)
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?H2O2?? ????
???H2O2?????????
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? ??????????????,????
????H2O2???????,????,??????????????
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(No Transcript)
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(4)H2O2??? ???????????????????????????,?Cr(O2)
2O?CrO5,???CrO5???,????????,???????????,???????
4H2O2H2Cr2O72Cr(O2)2O5H2O 2Cr(O2)2O7H2O26H
2Cr37O2?10H2O
(5)?? H2O2??????????,??????????????,3???????
???,?????????????,???????????
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(No Transcript)