Governments of Asia

1
Governments of Asia

• SS7CG7 a. Compare and Contrast the federal
  republic of the Republic of India, the communist
  state of the Peoples Republic of China, and the
  constitutional monarchy of Japan, distinguishing
  the form of leadership and the role of the
  citizen in terms of voting rights and personal
  freedoms.

2
Distribution of Power

• Unitary
• Confederation
• Federal

3
Unitary System

• The Central government holds nearly all the
  power, local governments (states, counties,
  provinces, etc) are under the control of the
  central government
• Elected officials can make and enforce laws
  without the opinions of those at the lower levels
  of Government
• Examples
• Peoples Republic of China
• Japan (Constitutional Monarchy)

4
Confederation System

• Local governments have all the power
• Power of the central government is limited to
  whatever the local governments are willing to
  give it
• Examples
• United Nations
• Confederate States of America

5
Federal System

• Power is shared among different levels of
  government
• States have power that the federal does not have
  (property taxes, sales tax, etc) and the federal
  has powers that the states do not have (declare
  war, make treaties, etc)
• Examples
• India
• USA

6
Forms of Citizen Participation

• Autocratic
• Oligarchic
• Democratic

7
Autocratic

• The ruler has absolute power to do whatever they
  want and can make and enforce whatever laws they
  choose
• People have no power to disagree with the
  government
• Examples
• Dictatorships
• North Korea

8
Oligarchy

• government by the few
• A political party or other group makes all the
  decisions of government
• Similar to an Autocratic government, but rule is
  shared among a small group of people instead of 1
  ruler
• Examples
• Peoples Republic of China (ruled by the CCP)

9
Democratic

• The people play a large role in the decisions of
  the country
• Individual freedoms are very important
• If a person feels that their rights have been
  violated, they can get the government to correct
  the situation
• Examples
• India
• Japan
• South Korea

10
Distribution of Power (Power of the Central
Government)
Unitary
Federal
Confederation
-

Peoples Republic of China
Japan
Republic of India
-

Autocratic
Oligarchic
Democratic
Forms of Citizen Participation (Amount of
personal freedom and participation in Government)
11
Types of Democratic Government

• Parliamentary
• Election of the legislature (Parliament)
• Leader of the Parliamentary government (Prime
  Minister) is chosen by the party that wins the
  majority of representatives in the legislature
• The Prime Minister serves as Head of Government
• Presidential (Congressional)
• The President is chosen separately from the
  legislature
• The President serves as both Chief of State and
  Head of Government

12
India

• India is a federal republic and uses a
  parliamentary system.
• The country is secular (favors no special
  religion), even though the majority of the
  population are Hindu
• The government has
• three main branches.

13
India

• The executive branch consists of
• the President (chief of state),
• the Prime Minister (head of the government)
• the Council of Ministers (make up the cabinet)
• The legislative branch is a bicameral (2
  law-making groups) parliament
• Rajya Sabha or Council of States
• the Lok Sabha, or House of the People.
• The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme
  Court consisting of
• Chief Justice
• 25 other judges.

14
India

• The Presidents duties are mostly ceremonial
• The Prime Minister is determined by the
  parliamentary majority in the House of the
  People.
• The Council of Ministers must answer to the House
  of the People.
• Indians 18 and older can vote.

15
China

• Chinas Communist party (CCP) leads the nation.
• Under Chinas constitution, the highest organ of
  state power is the National Peoples Congress
  (NPC).
• Religion is not encouraged
• by the government
• China has three
• branches of government.

16
China

• The executive branch includes
• the President (head of state)
• the Vice President
• the State Council
• the Premier (head of government).
• The legislative branch is unicameral (one
  law-making group) consisting of
• National Peoples Congress (NPC).
• The judicial branch includes
• Supreme Peoples Court.

17
China

• The NPC meets for two weeks every year.
• These meetings are not open to the public
• The State Council presents new policies, laws,
  budgets, and personnel changes to the NPC.
• The NPC can make changes to what the State
  Council has recommended.

18
China

• The largest political party is the CCP with as
  many as 70 million members.
• Eight minor political parties operate under
  Communist supervision.
• The CCP is highly authoritarian (autocratic),
  meaning it completely controls the Chinese
  government.
• The CCP sets policies that the government must
  enforce.

19
China

• Men and women 18 and older can vote.
• There are no votes cast in Chinese elections for
  anyone other than the candidates approved by the
  government
• The role of the citizen (including what job and
  education he/she will have) is determined by the
  state

20
Japan

• Japan has a constitutional monarchy with a
  parliamentary form of government.
• The government is secular
• The government has three branches.

21
Japan

• The executive branch includes a cabinet
  consisting of
• the Prime Minister (head of government)
• the Ministers of State who are all civilians.
• The legislative branch is the bicameral Diet (two
  law-making groups)
• the House of Representatives
• the House of Councilors
• The judicial branch includes
• the Supreme Court (the highest judicial
  authority).

22
Japan

• Ministers are appointed or removed by the prime
  minister.
• The prime minister is chosen by his colleagues in
  the Diet, the countrys parliament.

23
Japan

• Men and women 20 and older can vote
• The Japanese people are in control of their
  nations sovereignty, but Japan still has an
  emperor, who is the symbol of the state.
• He is basically a figurehead without much
  official power.

24
Summarize
Country Type of Government/ Head of Government Distribution of Power Citizen Participation Voting Age