The Rise of Islam

1
The Rise of Islam

• 6.1

2
The Arabs

• Nomadic
• Polytheistic
• Semitic speaking
• Harsh Arabian Peninsula
• Two Tribes
• Sheikh

3
The Life of Muhammad

• Troubled by the world he lived in (Makkah)
• Meditated on a mountain
• Visited by the angel Gabriel
• Received revelations by God (Allah)
• Last prophet of Allah
• Moses Judaism
• Jesus Christianity
• Began to spread his message

4

• Quran
• Holy scriptures of Islam
• Ethical guidelines
• No separation of political verses religious
  authority
• Submission to the will of Allah
• Gained followers
• Kabba

5
The Teachings of Muhammad

• Monotheistic
• Allah is all-powerful creator of everything
• Offers salvation in the afterlife for those who
  serve
• Muhammad is not divine
• 5 pillars of Islam
• Way of life

6

• Five Pillars of Islam
• Believe in Allah and Muhammad as his prophet
• Pray to Allah five times a day with public
  prayer on Fridays
• Give alms to the poor and unfortunate
• Observe the holy month of Ramadan
• Make a pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in
  lifetime (hajj)

7
The Arab Empire and Its Successors

• 6.2

8
The Creation of an Arab Empire

• Problem with succession
• Caliph
• Successor to Muhammad
• Jihad
• Struggle in the way of God
• Expansion
• Fierce fighters

9
The Umayyads

• Muawiyah
• Rival of Ali
• Internal struggle caused a split
• Shiite
• descendants of Ali rule Islam
• Sunnis
• descendants of the Umayyads are the true rulers

10
The Abbasid Dynasty

• Overthrew Umayyad Dynasty
• Capitol in Bagdad
• Prospered, but also unrest

11
The Seljuk Turks and The Crusades

• Nomadic people from central Asia
• Sultan
• Holder of power
• Crusades
• Byzantines challenged the Turks and lost
• Asked Europe for help
• RESULT mistrust between Muslims and Christians

12
The Mongols

• Pastoral people
• destructive conquerors
• leader hated Islam and destroyed Bagdad
• Expansion
• Conversion

13
The End