Chapter 10

1
Chapter 10 7A

• Ions
• Monatomic Ions
• Ion Formulas and Names

2
Ion Vocabulary

• An ion is an atom or group of atoms that have a
  charge.
• A cation is a positive ion.
• An anion is a negative ion.

3
If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it
becomes a cation.
If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it
becomes an anion.
4
Atoms tend to lose and gain electrons when they
bond with other atoms in an attempt to become
more stable.
5
Why is Na more stable than Na

• Na 1s22s22p63s1

6
Why is Na more stable than Na

• Na 1s22s22p63s1
• Lose 1 e-
• Na 1s22s22p6

7
Why is Na more stable than Na

• Na 1s22s22p63s1
• Lose 1 e-
• Na 1s22s22p6
• This is isoelectronic (has similar properties..)
  with Ne

8
Why is Cl more stable than Cl

• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5

9
Why is Cl more stable than Cl

• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5
• Gain 1 e-
• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p6

10
Why is Cl more stable than Cl

• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5
• Gain 1 e-
• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p6
• This is isoelectronic with Ar

11
Determine the number of protons and electrons for
each ion and state what noble gas each is
isoelectronic with.
12
Ionic bonding Li O

• Why is lithium oxide Li2O

13
Ion Vocabulary

• A monatomic ion is an atom with a charge.
• The charge on a monatomic ion is called an
  oxidation number.
• A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with a
  charge.

14
Types of monatomic ions and the rules for naming
them

• The periodic table is useful in naming the
  monatomic ions.

15
Monatomic cations with one oxidation number

• The cations from the periodic table which have a
  single oxidation number are as follows Group 1
  (1), Group 2 (2), Ag, Cd2, Zn2, and Al3.
• These types of ions are named by using the name
  of the element followed by the word ion.
• Na sodium ion
• Ba2 barium ion
• Zn2 zinc ion
• We can use the roman numeral from the periodic
  table to identify the oxidation number for these
  ions.

16
Monatomic cations with multiple oxidation numbers

• All other cations that are not listed in the
  previous category (cations with one oxidation
  number) are considered to have the possibility
  of multiple oxidation numbers.
• These type of ions are named by using the name of
  the element followed by a Roman numeral to
  indicate the oxidation number.
• Cu2 copper (II)
• Pb4 lead (IV)
• Mn7 manganese (VII)
• It is important to note that the roman numerals
  in these names may or may not be the roman
  numeral from the periodic table.
• All atoms other than F or the noble gases can
  form positive ions.

17
Negative Monatomic anions

• All anions from the periodic table are named by
  changing the ending of the elements name to
  ide.
• F- fluoride ion
• O2- oxide ion
• N3- nitride ion
• Count back from the noble gases starting at zero
  to determine the oxidation number.

18
Ask Yourself 3 Questions.

• Does the name end with
• Ion?
• Roman numeral?
• -ide?

19
Name these monatomic ions

• Rb
• P3-
• Fe3
• Br?
• Mn4
• Cd2

Rubidium ion Phosphide Iron III Bromide Manganese
IV Cadmium ion
20
Write the formula for these monatomic ions.

• Sulfide
• Lead (II)
• Barium ion
• Chromium (IV)
• Aluminum ion
• Carbide

S2- Pb2 Ba2 Cr4 Al3 C4-
21

• Can skip the next three slides if time is running
  short.

22
Atoms of elements and Ions of elements are
different
23
Atoms of elements
A pale yellow-green gas, chlorine killed soldiers
in WWI. Today it primarily used to kill bacteria
in water.
Sodium is a soft, silvery highly reactive metal.
It is used in making light bulbs and for heat
exchange in nuclear reactors.
24
Ions of elements
Combined together sodium and chlorine make common
table salt and are thus essential to life. Table
salt consists of sodium ions (Na) and chloride
ions (Cl-)
25
Steps for Naming Ions

• Name polyatomic ions.
• -ide, ion, Roman numeral?
• Name remaining anions (change ending to ide)
• Name remaining cations from groups 1, 2, Ag,
  Cd2, Zn2, Al3. (use the name of the element
  and add ion)
• Name all remaining cations using the name of the
  element followed by a roman numeral equal to the
  positive charge of the cation.

26

• Ag
• 7. Cu
• 8. NH4
• 9. P3-
• 10. Cl3

27
Steps for Writing Formulas of Ions

• Many people find that they wish to do these in
  the order that they are presented. You can
  however do them in 4 sets.
• Polyatomic ions.
• Remaining anions. (These will be anything left
  that ends in ide).
• Remaining ions containing a Roman Numeral.
• Remaining ions without a Roman Numeral. (Groups
  1 2, silver, cadmium, zinc, aluminum).

28

6. Hydroxide ion 7. Cadmium ion 8. Lithium
ion 9. Calcium ion 10. Mercury (I) ion
29
Homework

• Lab Summary Tap Water Test (You do not need to
  copy entire Objective Section as your purpose).
  Due tomorrow.
• Ions Quiz will be 12/18/14.