Chapter Two: Early Greece

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Chapter TwoEarly Greece

• Cultures and Values, 6th Ed.
• Cunningham and Reich

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History of Early Greece

• The Heroic Age
• The Age of Colonization
• The Archaic Period

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• Image 2.1
• Zeus (Poseidon?)

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Homer and the Heroic Age

• Significance of the Polis
• Religion, Mythology and Folklore
• Art Literature vs. Prayer

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The Iliad The Odyssey

• the Homeric question
• Oral Tradition
• Epithets, Elaborate Similes
• Iliad
• Theme of Human Responsibility
• Odyssey
• Return of the Epic Hero

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Art and Society

• Painted Vases
• Protogeometric (1000-900 B.C.E.)
• Concentric circles, semi-circles
• Geometric (900-700 B.C.E.)
• Linear designs, the meander
• Human Forms (800 B.C.E.)
• Amphoras

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Age of Colonization

• Prosperity of City-States
• Competition, Image
• Wealth Over-Population Colonization
• Italy, Sicily, Egypt, Asia Minor
• Trade and Cultural Exposure
• Orientalizing

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Visual Arts at Corinth and Athens

• Corinthian Art
• Eastern Motifs
• Commercially Successful
• Athenian Art
• Narrative style (Myth, Daily Life)
• Trade Rivalry Corinth vs. Athens

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The Beginnings of Greek Sculpture

• Near Eastern and Egyptian influences
• Kore, Kouros
• Increasing Realism, Naturalism
• Careful study of human anatomy
• Representation of Life and vigor

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Sculpture and Painting in the Archaic Period

• Solons Legal Reformations
• Tyrants / Artistic Patronage
• Artistic Developments
• Freestanding Figures
• High Low Relief Carvings
• The Archaic Smile
• Vase Painting
• Black- and Red-Figure Styles

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• Image 2.9
• Calf-Bearer

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• Image 2.10
• Peplos Kore

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• Image 2.13
• Kritios Boy

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• Image 2.15
• Euphronios, painter, Euxitheos, potter,
  red-figure calyx krater

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ArchitectureThe Doric Order

• Simple dignity
• No Base/20 flutes
• Capital
• Echinus, Abacus
• Entablature
• Architrave, frieze, triglyphs/metopes
• Cornice, Pediment

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• Image 2.16
• Basilica at Paestum

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ArchitectureThe Ionic Order

• Ornate, fanciful
• Tiered Base/24 flutes
• Capital
• Volutes
• 3-D Architraves
• Running Frieze

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Music and Dance in Early Greece

• Doctrine of Ethos (Musical Theory)
• Dorian, Phrygian modes
• MusicPrimarily vocal
• Paean, dithyramb
• Instrumentation
• Cithera, aulos
• Significance of Narratives
• Music and Dance

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Literature and Philosophy

• Hesiod
• Theogony, Works and Days
• Lyric verse vs. Heroic verse
• Sappho
• Presocratics
• Materialists, Pythagoreanism, Dualists, Atomists
• Herodotus (Father of History)
• Right over Might

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Chapter 2 Discussion Questions

• What significant differences exist between the
  cultures of the iron age and those of the bronze
  age? Explain.
• Consider the role of religion in Early Greece.
  What does Early Greek theology suggest about the
  concerns of the society? Explain.
• What were the causes for and the results of Greek
  colonization? Cite specific examples.
• Explain the new directions of art in the Archaic
  Period. What do these changes suggest about the
  culture that was producing and patronizing this
  art?