Allied Maritime Command

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Allied Maritime Command
Maritime Security at a Crossroads
Operationalising the Allied Maritime Strategy
Professor James Henry Bergeron Chief Political
Advisor Allied Maritime Command (comments
personal)
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Agenda

• MarCom Who we are
• Operations
• OCEAN SHIELD
• ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR
• UKRAINE RESPONSE
• Revitalisation of NATOs maritime forces
• Questions and Discussion

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NATO Maritime Evolution 1949 - 2009
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The Alliance Maritime Strategy

• Deterrence and Collective Defence
• Crisis Management
• Cooperative Security, Outreach and Partnership
• Maritime Security

• Signed in 2011 needs to be fully implemented
• Maritime Security is the bedrock on which all AMS
  tasks are achieved.

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MarCom Roles and Responsibilities

• HQ MARCOM is responsible for maritime
  competency and acts as NATO's principal maritime
  advisor. It maintains comprehensive situational
  awareness throughout the maritime environment,
  and is ready to command a maritime heavy SJO or
  act as the Maritime Component (MCC) to support up
  to a MJO.

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Maritime NATO 2014

• Reform of Maritime Security Operations
  Extension/Reform of Operation Active Endeavour
  and Ocean Shield Expand beyond CT and CP
  greater reliance on Associated Support
• Revitalisation of NATOs Standing Naval Forces
  better training, varied missions regional
  exercises and engagement a full spectrum Task
  Force structure? (MCM, C4ISR, Interoperability)
• Explore new affiliations with existing CTFs as
  follow-on maritime forces (potential on-call
  Maritime Contingency Force)
• Maintaining Strategic Engagement and Situational
  Awareness on the Seas
• Enhanced maritime engagement with Partners
• Training and Exercise making a success of CFI at
  Sea
• Maintain NATO-EU cooperation in maritime
  security explore ways to deepen it. EUMSS-AMS
  discussion?

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Reforming Op ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR

• Mission
• Art 5 Response to 9/11 to counter the threat of
  maritime terrorist activities CT in a single
  operational environment?
• Maritime Situational Awareness and engagement is
  key aspect - 5 partners (Russia, Morocco,
  Israel, Georgia, Ukraine)
• 13 yrs old regional relevance has waned seen
  as narrow when placed alongside growing security
  challenges of the Med region - Mission Review
  debate ongoing.
• Intent
• Move to a Network Operation less reliant on
  military forces
• Respond to regional concerns and security
  challenges by broadening operation but with
  approvals clearly defined.
• Ensure a Joint approach with other environments
  and partners.
• End state
• Maintain Connectivity through regional network.
• Ensure presence in Mediterranean.
• Reinvigorate Partnerships with Med Dialogue/MOU
  nations.

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Counter Piracy Operations

• Long history of Piracy off the Horn of Africa
• International response to piracy in 2008
• Coincide with WFP tasking into Somalia
• EU Operation ATALANTA launched end of 2008
• NATO and Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) engaged
  in 2009
• Big 3 and Independent Deployers Unity of Effort

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Piracy Incident Rate
Incidents - 12 Month Moving Average
Pre-crisis situation restored
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Mission Comparison
Task Force Missions Tasks Mandated Activity Key Issues
NATO Conduct Counter Piracy Operations Encourage Resilience of commercial shipping Support Counter Piracy building initiatives Active disruption of PAGs Patrolling of the IRTC Border/Coast Line Ops to deter and disrupt ISR (MPA, SSK, FF, Helo, UAV) KLE/LLE Puntland focussed NATO Shipping Centre Engagement Limited Regional Capacity Building support to CP building initiatives with regional states
EU Protect WFP/AMISOM shipping Deter/Disrupt piracy and armed robbery in the AOO Where possible arrest, detain and transfer suspected pirates Contribute to the monitoring of fishing activity off the coast of Somalia Active disruption of PAGs WFP AMISOM protection Legal/Political framework for arrest and detention MPAs Regional Capacity Building through EUCAPNESTOR Many assets but often limited flexibility due to national caveats
CMF Conduct Counter Piracy Operations in the CMF battle space under a mission based mandate Actively deter, disrupt and suppress pirate activity Shared focus on Counter Terrorism and Patterns of Life Maritime Logistics MPA (sortie by sortie) Flexible Force allocation between CTFs 150 151 Loose Force Structure No Regional Capacity Bldg No common ROE Fewer assets for CP as opposed to CT tasking
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Reforming Op OCEAN SHIELD

• Mission
• Coordinate NATOs contribution with the
  International community CMF, EUNAVFOR,
  Independent deployers via SHADE
• Increase regional maritime security capacity
  within means
• Mandate now extended to end of 2016
• Intent
• Thorough overhaul of OPLAN now underway
• Broaden Regional Engagement within a Focused
  Presence approach
• Desired Effect
• Indian Ocean crucial area to the Alliance.
  Maintains forward presence in an unstable area
• Less fixation with low end operations but able
  to respond should piracy re-emerge
• Show NATO relevance to the region and to the
  Alliance

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Impact of the Ukraine Crisis?

• Deep change in NATO-Russian relations (or reset
  to 1979) partnership activity stopped.
• Renewed emphasis on indivisible Alliance security
  - reassurance of Eastern European allies
  reassertion of Alliance capabilities and resolve.
• Closer defence and security cooperation with
  Ukraine.
• The Land has bounded back as a critical conflict
  domain. (Mali, CAR, now Ukraine).
• Sharper edge to the from Deployed to Prepared
  NATO idea.
• Likely to inform all aspects of the Summit, but
  main outlines will survive

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Maritime Assurance Measures

• Immediate Assurance post-Ukraine Crisis
• Baltic Presence SNMCMG1 activation.
• Mediterranean Focus is priority for SNMGs.
• Black Sea exercise programme will be maintained.
• OOS to be maintained, but not with SNMGs
• Additional forces identified for groups
• Follow-on Measures
• Permanent Baltic and Mediterranean presence
  more Exercises. Black Sea presence as Council
  decides.
• SNF Review expand the size and capabilities of
  the groups to IRF standard.
• Back up deployments with effective STRATCOM.
• Longer-term Considerations
• SACEUR Military Strategic posture
  reviewNCS/NFS, Response Forces, Contingency
  Planning, etc.
• Impact of Ukraine on the Alliance Maritime
  Strategy

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Revitalising NATOs Naval Forces

• 4 Standing Naval Groups represent majority of
  NATOs IRF
• 2 Mine Countermeasures Groups, 2 Naval Groups
• SNF Challenges
• 47 year old design suffered from capability
  contraction, force flow fatigue leading -
  excessive demand on too small a force.
• Growing disconnect between tasking Operations
  vs Contingency vs Training What is the right
  balance?
• Fit for 21st Century NRF? Littoral challenges v
  blue-water posture.
• Reforms being considered
• Inject broader capabilities within all groups
• Reform operations
• Adjust schedule, more exercises, inject variety
  
• Champion affiliations with national task groups
  as an on-call contingency force.
• Fewer exercises greater mass concentrate
  effort.

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The Littoral 2045 Crisis Response, HA/DR

• Global population is expected to grow from 7.2Bn
  to 8.3 10.9Bn
• 70 of that growth will be in the poorest 24
  countries
• 70 Urban, most on the coast, much in shanty-town
  conditions
• Urbanisation now at 1.3m / week
• 280 mega-cities with over 20m inhabitants
• Sea-levels rise by 0.3 0.4m
• Almost all have access to internet by 2030
• Maritime Zone

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Allied Maritime Command
Discussion?