Early Battles of WWII

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Early Battles of WWII

• Chapter 25, section 2

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Fighting in the Pacific

• Admiral Chester Nimitzcommander of the U.S. Navy
  in the Pacific
• Could do little to stop Japanese advances
• Japan extended their control over SE Asia

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Fall of the Philippines

• A few hours after the Japanese attacked Pearl
  Harbor, the Japanese attacked the Philippine
  Islands
• U.S. overwhelmed

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Fall of the Philippines

• General Douglas MacArthurcommander of U.S.
  forces in the Philippines, retreated to the
  Bataan Peninsula
• Held out for 3 months
• FDR orders MacArthur to retreat to Australia

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Fall of the Philippines

• 78,000 men forced to surrender
• Japanese forced the POWS to march 65 miles to a
  prison camp
• Thousands died on this march due to conditions
  and executions
• Remembered as the Bataan Death March

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Doolittle Raid

• Plan by FDR to help raise morale of the U.S.
  people
• B-25 bombers led air raid over Tokyo
• Dropped first bombs on Japan
• Caused Japan to change their war strategy

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Battle of the Coral Sea

• Japanese goal cut the American supply line into
  Australia and then invade Australia

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Battle of the Coral Sea

• Militarily was a draw
• U.S. did prevent Japan from landing on New Guinea
• American supply lines stayed open to Australia
• 1st time in naval history that naval battle was
  fought entirely in the air

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Battle of Midway

• Turning point in the Pacific
• Midway Islands were the last U.S. base in the
  Pacific west of Hawaii---could launch raids on
  Japan from here

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Battle of Midway

• Japan hoped to lure U.S. fleet into battle and
  destroy it
• Believed numbers were in their favor
• June 4, 1942 Japan sent large fleet to attack

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Battle of Midway

• U.S. code-breaking team broke Japanese code and
  learned of attack
• U.S. ambushed the Japanese fleet
• Japan lost its four largest carriersheart of its
  navy
• 362 Americans killed
• 3,057 Japanese killed

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Battle of Midway

• Japan never recovers from this
• Began defensive after this defeat

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Turning back Germany

• Stalin urged FDR and Roosevelt to open a second
  front in Europe
• Churchill was cautious and decided to attack the
  periphery of Germany
• 1942 the U.S. will invade North Africa

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Turning back Germany

• Erwin Desert Fox RommelGermany General in
  charge of forces in Africa
• Reputation as one of the best military leaders in
  the war

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Turning back Germany

• Battle of El Alameinturning point in the
  fighting of North Africa
• Rommel forced to retreat

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Battle of the Atlantic

• After Germany declared war on the United States,
  German U-boats attacked U.S. ships on the
  American coastline

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Battle of the Atlantic

• U.S. Navy set up a convoy system to protect
  cargo/transport ships

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Battle of Stalingrad

• Operation BarbarossaGerman codename for invasion
  of S.U.
• Hitler wanted to defeat the Soviets by destroying
  their economy
• German army captured oil fields, industries..etc

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Battle of Stalingrad

• Germans tried to capture city of Stalingrad, but
  the Soviets held their ground
• Fighting took place in the streets
• Germans forced to take one building at a time
• Stalin sends reinforcements and surrounds Germans
  in the city, sets seige

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Battle of Stalingrad

• Germans forced to surrender
• Battle of Stalingrad will be the turning point of
  the fighting in the Soviet Union
• Battle will put the Germans on the defensive