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The Civil War

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Title: The Civil War


1
The Civil War
2
USA CSA
  • The Flags

(Battle Flag)
3
The Presidents
  • Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

4
Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
  • The common man soldier
  • Enlisted and usually infantry
  • Generally aged 17-25
  • Died by the thousands

5
Fight Begins
  • The Union left forces on Fort Sumter in SC
  • SC Confederacy wanted them out
  • They attacked the fort several times
  • South won and North left the fort
  • Start of the Civil War

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6
The Divisions of the Civil War Army
  • Cavalry
  • Artillery
  • Infantry

7
The Draft
  • The North
  • 1863, required military service for all white
    males 20 to 45.
  • Could pay 300 or hire a substitute to serve
  • Riot over draft
  • 100 died in New York City
  • The South
  • Required 3-year military service for all white
    men 18-35
  • later moved to age 50
  • Large slave owners excused wealthy hired
    substitutes

8
The Unions Strategy
  • Gain control of the Mississippi River and split
    the Confederacy in half
  • Blockade the South to keep it from sending cotton
    to Britain and France in return for weapons and
    supplies.
  • ANACONDA PLAN

9
  • Anaconda Plan

10
The Confederacy's Strategy
  • Fight a war of attrition
  • Turn back every Union advance until the British
    or French joined their side
  • Fight defensively
  • Make the people of the North weary of fighting
  • Force Lincoln to negotiate

11
Important Northern Generals
  • General Ulysses Grant led Northern Army in the
    West to try to seize the Mississippi River was
    later fired by Lincoln as commander of Union
    troops
  • William Tecumseh Sherman Took over after
    McClellan, was appointed to take Georgia and
    split the Confederacy

12
Important Southern Generals
  • Robert E. Lee
  • Trained at West Point
  • Top student
  • Became Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
  • Known as a crafty, smart soldier
  • Well liked by his troops
  • Was asked by Lincoln to serve as Union general,
    but refused saying his allegiance was first with
    Virginia
  • Thomas Stonewall Jackson
  • Also attended West Point
  • Popular, intelligent instructor at VMI
  • Well liked by troops
  • A very religious man who did not believe in
    fighting on Sundays
  • Known for the quote, "There is Jackson standing
    like a stone wall

13
Battle of Antietam
  • Lee invaded Maryland, hoping for European support
  • North lost 12,000 and Lee 14,000 retreated to
    VA As Lee withdrew, McClellan did not attack
  • President Davis was not happy with Lees
    defensive victory and wanted him to make a major
    push north

14
The Battle of Antietam
  • Lees army of 40,000 met McClellans 80,000 men
    at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, VA
  • McClellan found Lees
  • battle plans, due to a fatal
  • stroke of bad luck
  • The Rebel forces lost
  • 25 of their men
  • Bloodiest one-day battle of war, considered a
    turning point as it ended Lees invasion of the
    North.

15
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16
The Emancipation Proclamation
  • Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln
  • issued the Emancipation
  • Proclamation as a tactic to end the war
  • Freed slaves in areas of
  • rebellion against the government
  • Did NOT free slaves in border states that had NOT
    succeeded

17
Effects of the Proclamation
  • Inspired southern slaves to escape to the
    protection of Union troops
  • Encouraged African Americans to serve in the
    Union army

18
African American Soldiers
  • By 1865 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in
    the federal army
  • Served in all-black regiments

19
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20
Andersonville, GeorgiaPrison Camp
  • Over 45,000 Union soldiers went to Andersonville
    during the 14 months that it was in existence. Of
    these, 12,912 died from disease, overcrowding, or
    exposure. They were buried shoulder to shoulder
    in trenches near the prison.
  • 100 died a day of starvation or exposure
  • Commander Henry Wirz hanged for murder and abuse

21
Men Rescued from Andersonville
22
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24
The Gettysburg Campaign
  • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
  • The Battle was the largest of
  • the war.
  • July 1-3, 1863
  • Lee launched a fierce assault on the center of
    the Union forces.

25
Picketts Charge- July 3
  • Between 100 and 200 pm, General Longstreet was
    ordered against his will to head across no mans
    land
  • The Billy Yanks were waiting on top of Cemetery
    Ridge with reinforcements who were loaded with
    rifles and artillery
  • The Johnny Rebs were slaughtered first by
    artillery and then by minie balls

26
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27
The Results of Gettysburg
  • The two armies suffered between 46,000 and 51,000
    casualties.
  • Nearly 1/3 of Lees general officers were killed.
  • Southern morale was ravaged and they were
    vulnerable to another attack.
  • But a second attack never cameLincoln was
    furious.
  • Bloodiest 3 days of the war. The South was never
    able to launch an offensive campaign again. True
    Turning Point of the War.

28
After the Battle
29
Gettysburg Facts
  • Bloodiest battle of war
  • Union had 23,000 casualties
  • South had 28,000 casualties
  • July 4, 1863, Lee retreats to Virginia

30
The Gettysburg Address
  • Lincolns moving speech is among the most famous
    in U.S. History

31
Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal. Now
we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on
a great battlefield of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
resting place for those who here gave their lives
that that nation might live. It is altogether
fitting and proper that we should do this. But,
in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can
not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it
can never forget what they did here. It is for us
the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have
thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before usthat from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotionthat we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vainthat this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedomand that
government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.
32
After Gettysburg
  • Southern Campaign
  • The Tennessee Campaign becomes more important as
    General William Rosecrans (USA) followed orders
    to push General Braxton Bragg (CSA) into northern
    Georgia
  • Union troops then planned to attack Chattanooga
    one of the Souths only important railroad
    centers

33
Chickamauga1963
  • Georgia was mostly left out of the first 3 years
    of fighting.
  • By 1963, Union wanted to take Chattanooga and
    move south.
  • Surprise awaited Union soldiers, when
    Confederates hit them hard at Chickamauga just
    south of Chattanooga

34
Chickamauga1963
  • The Confederate force of 70,000 beat the Union
    force of 56,000.
  • The Rebels lost 18,454 and the Yankees 16,179 in
    the bloodiest two days of the War.
  • Largest battle fought in Georgia.

35
Grants Total War
  • Lincoln promoted General Grant to the rank of Lt.
    General and gave him total command of the Union
    forces
  • He called off the gentlemens war
  • Make war not only on the Confederate army but on
    the Southern people as well

36
Grants Right Hand ManWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
37
  • Spring/Summer 1864-
  • In an attempt to end the war, Grant directed
    William T. Sherman to march Union troops into
    Georgia to capture Atlanta.
  • General Sherman had orders to seize Atlanta, a
    rail and industrial center
  • Sherman had 98,000 Union troops with him

38
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39
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40
  • Spring/Summer 1864-
  • Important battles were fought at Dalton, Resaca,
    Allatoona, and Kennesaw Mountain.
  • Confederate troops could slow, but not stop, the
    Union army.

41
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42
  • September 2, 1864-
  • Atlanta falls to Shermans army.

http//www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/destr
uction-atlanta
43
  • November-December 1864
  • Leaving Atlanta in flames, Sherman marches 300
    miles toward Savannah, burning everything in a
    path 60 miles wide.

44
Dec. 22, 1864 Sherman telegraphs Lincoln I
beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City
of Savannah with one hundred fifty heavy guns,
plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five
thousand bales of cotton. The cotton sold for
28 million dollars. Sherman did not
burn Savannah.
http//www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/march
-sea
45
  • January, 1865-
  • The last Confederate port is closed.

46
  • January, 1865-
  • President Davis last order as president of the
    Confederacy was to destroy anything in Richmond
    that the Union army could use.

47
  • April 3rd, 1865
  • Richmond is captured.

48
  • April 9th, 1865
  • Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant meet in the
    parlor of a farmhouse owned by Wilmer McLean near
    Appomattox Court House.

49
  • April 10th, 1865
  • The formal document of surrender is signed. The
    war is over.

50
  • April 12th, 1865
  • The Confederate flag comes down and the stars and
    stripes is raised over the capitol in Richmond.

51
  • It was now Lincolns task of reconstructing the
    United States. He believed that both sides
    shared the blame for the war. He knew he would be
    bitterly opposed by the Radical Republicans.

52
  • April 14th, 1865
  • Lincoln and his wife go to Fords Theater to see
    a comedy, Our American Cousin.

53
  • April 14th, 1865
  • John Wilkes Booth entered the box and fired a
    shot at the back of the Presidents head.

54
  • April 14th, 1865
  • Lincoln was taken across the street to the
    Peterson House where he died the next morning.

55
Lincolns Rocking Chair at Fords Theatre
Bed in which Lincoln Died
56
Lincoln Laying in State
Funeral Hearse
Funeral Procession
57
The Death of a President
  • Did not live to see the peace he helped to create
  • Did not get to help heal the wounds of the nation.

58
Booths Escape Route
59
Booths Hideout
  • Garret's Farmhouse

60
  • April 15th, 1865
  • Vice-President Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th
    president of the United States.

61
  • May 4th , 1865
  • Lincoln is buried in Springfield, Illinois.

62
  • May 5th ,1865
  • Confederate officials, on the run, meet for the
    last time in Washington, Georgia.

63
  • May 10th , 1865
  • President Davis is arrested in Irwinville,
    Georgia.

64
  • May 11th ,1865
  • Vice-President Alexander Stephens is arrested in
    Crawfordville, Georgia.

65
How would the South be Treated After the War??
  • Welcomed Back??
  • OrPaid Back???
  • Find out in learning about Reconstruction!!!
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