Principles of Neural Science Chapter 17

1
Principles of Neural ScienceChapter 17

• The Anatomical Organization of the Central
  Nervous System

? ??
2
?????????????????????.

• ???(visual cortex)
• ??????,???,??,?????.
• ????(premotor cortex)
• ????
• ???(amygdala)
• ??,???????????????????????????.???????????????.
• ???(motor cortex)
• ??????????,????
• ?????(basal ganglia)
• ????????????,
• ??(cerebellum)
• ?????????????????????
• ????(posterior parietal cortex)
• ???????????,?????????????
• ??(brain stem)??(nuclei)
• ??????
• ??(hippocampus)
• ??????????????????????????

???
????
???
????
????
???
?????
??
??
????
??
Figure 17- 1
3
3????????????
???
???
???
Figure 17- 3
4
3????????????
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
Figure 17- 3
5
?????????
????
????
??
??
?? ?? ? ??
??
??
??
??
Figure 17- 2
6
??(spinal cord)
????

• ?????????(caudal)????,???????????.??????????1??(f
  irst lumbar vertebra)????,????????,??,????????????
  ?.???,????(voluntary movement)?????(reflex
  movement)????????????(motor neurons)???.
• ???????(gray mutter)????????(white
  matter)??????????.???(gray mutter)??????????????,?
  ?????(horizontal)????????H??????,??????????(dosal
  horn)????(ventral horn) ???????.??(dosal
  horn)??????????????????????,????(ventral
  horn)???????????????(motor neclei)??????.??(white
  matter)??????????(???)?????(axon)???.

??
??
??
?1??(first lumbar vertebra)
7
??(brain stem)

• ??(brain stem)???????????12????(cranial
  nerves)???????,?,?,?????.

8
??(medulla)

• ??(medulla)????????????????.??,??,??,???????,????
  ?????????????????.

9
?(pons)

• ?(pons)???(ventral)??????(cerebral
  cortex)????(cerebellum)??????????????????????ponti
  ne nuclei????????????.??(dorsal)?????,??,?????????
  ?????.

10
??(midbrain)

• ??(midbrain)???????????
• ??(cerebellum)??????(basal ganglia),????(cerebral
  hemisphere)????????????????.
• ??????????(substantia nigra)?????(voluntary
  movement)????????????(basal ganglia)??????????????

11
??(diencephalon)

• ??(diencephalon)???(thalamus)?????(hypothalamus)?
  ???
• ??(diencephalon)????(reticular
  formation)??????,??(attention)???(consciousness)??
  ?
• ?????????????????????????.
• ??????????(ventral)????,?????,??,????????????????
  ?(pituitary gland)???????????????.????????????????
  ????????????????????????????.
• ???????????????(suprachiasmatic
  nuclei)?????(circadian rhythms)????.

12
??(cerebellum)

• ??(cerebellum)??(pons)?????????????.????????????
  ??(cerebral hemisphere)??????????????.?????????,??
  ????????????,???????????????.
• ??(cerebellum)???(spinal cord)???????(somatosenso
  ry)??????????????,??????(vestibular
  organs)??????????????.??,?????????????????????,???
  ???????????????????.
• ???,??(cerebellum)?????????????????????,fMRI?????
  ???,??????????????????????????.

13
????(cerebral hemisphere)

• ????(cerebral hemisphere)???,??,????,??,?????????
  .2?????????(corpus callosum)???????????,??????????
  ??????????.

14
????????
Penfield and Rasmussen 1950
Figure 20- 4
15
???????
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
???????
??
???
???
??
???
??
?
??
??
??
Figure 17- 4
16
??????
???
???
???
??
??
???
???
???
??
???
???
Figure 17- 5
17
???????
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
??
??
??
???? ????? ??
???
??
??
???
?? ??
???????
??
??
??
?? ????
???
???
?? ??
??
???
??
?
??
??
??
Figure 17- 4
18
????

• ?????????????????????.
• ?????(?)
• ????????(dendrite)????.
• ??????(?)
• ????????????(dendrite)????.
• weigert??(?)
• ????????????????????????????.

Figure 17- 6
19
????????
?????
?????
?????
?????

• ?????(primary visual cortex)???? ?????internal
  granule cell layer(Layer 4)????????.
• ?????(primary motor cortex)??????????Layer
  4???,Layer 5?????????.

Brodomann 1909? ??? 47?
Figure 17- 7
20
???????
??-?? ??-??? ???????-?? ????? ??
??-??
??-?? ??
???? ???????-??
Figure 17- 8
21
?????????

• ascending ???? feed-forward ?????????????????????
  ?Layer 4????????.
• descending ? feedback ?????????????????????Layer
  1 ?6 ???????.
• (Adapted from Felleman and Van Essen 1991.)

Figure 17- 9
22
??????

• ????????(somatosensory cortex)????????(projection
  neurons) P?????(interneurons) I
  ???????,?????????????.?????????????,??????(interne
  urons)??????.

Figure 17- 10
23
GABA???

• ????????????????????GABA????????????????????GABA?
  ????????,????(pyramidally cellP)?spiny non
  pyramidal cell (SNP)????????????????.
• chandelier cell (C)???GABA???????????????????(axo
  n)??????,large and small basket
  cell(LB,SB)????????????????????.double bouquet
  (DB)?neurogliaform cell(NG)?GABA?????????????.(Ada
  pted form Houser et al. 1986.)

Figure 17- 11
24
????????
???
???
??
??
??
??? (??????)
???
???
??
???
???
??
???
???
???
???
????
???
???
???
???
???
??
??
???
??
??
???
???
??
???
Figure 17- 12
25
?(nuclei)

• ???????????(coronal)?????,???????????????????????
  ????????????.
• ??(thalamus)??????(lateral geniculate
  nucleus)??????????.?????????????????(hippocampus)?
  ???????(neocortex)??????.
• ???(caudate nucleus)???(putamen),??(claustrum)???
  ??????(nuclei)????????.??????????????(white
  matter)????????????????????????(axon)?????????????
  ???????.

??
????
??
??
????
?????
???
??
Figure 17- 13
26
?????(lateral geniculate nucleus)

• ?????(lateral geniculate nucleus)????????????????
  ?????(coronal)???
• ??(retina)?????(axon)?????16??????????.???1,2??3
  -6?????(parvocellular)????????????(magnocellular)?
  ??.
• ???????????(projection neurons)?????(interneuron
  s)???????.

1 2
3 4 5 6
Figure 17- 14
27
??????

• ????????,????????????
• ????(hypothalamus)?????????????????????????,??,?
  ???????????????????????.??????????????????????????
  ????,????????????????,??,????????.????????????????
  ????????????.
• ??????????????????????.??(midbrain)???????(dopami
  ne)??????????????????????.
• ???????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ??.???,???????????,???????????????????????????????
  .
• ??(attention)????????(brain stem)???????????????.
  ??(brain stem)???????????????????????(noradrenalin
  e)??????(serotonin)??????.????????????????(forebra
  in)?????????????????.
• ??(attention)???(arousal)????????????????????????
  (basal ganglia)??????????????(basal nucleus of
  meynert)???.???(basal nucleus)???????????????(neoc
  ortex)??????????,??????????(attention)????????????
  .

28
Fin

• Chapter 17
• By Shigemi Sawa
• http//www.brn.dis.titech.ac.jp/sshi/