Week Two

1
Week Two

• 1. Three literary works
• 2. Historical and Biographical Approaches
• ??????????????1?????????????????????? pp.27-38

2
Historical and Biographical Approaches

• I. General Observations
• II. Historical and Biographical Approaches in
  Practice
• A. To His Coy Mistress
• D. Young Goodman Brown
• E. Everyday Use

3
To His Coy Mistress

• Poet Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)
• Poem
• Theme carpe diem

4
To His Coy Mistress

• As in courtly love, the coy mistress was
  treated like a goddess.
• Yet later in the poem she was also reminded that
  she was in fact human with no Greek gods or
  Biblical figures power to stop time. Therefore
  she should not waste time and should seize the
  day.
• Marvell was a well educated man and a Puritan.
  That explains the numerous allusions on Greek
  mythology, courtly love and the Bible.

5
Allusions in To His Coy Mistress

• Bible 4th BC to conversion of Jews to
  Christianity / the Flood
• Greek mythology Times winged chariot/
  slow-chapped power (cannibalism of Kronos)
• Metaphysical conceits vegetable love / lovers
  roll up into one ball/ comparison of worms will
  violate the mistresss chastity.

6
Young Goodman Brown

• Author Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
• A short story
• Hawthornes famous novel The Scarlet Letter
• Film The scarlet letter A stands for adultery
• Religion, Calvinism and Witches

7
Young Goodman Brown

• Story took place at the days of King William
  (reigned 1688-1702)
• It was written in a Puritan New England
  (Calvinism) background
• Calvinism includes the doctrine of elective
  salvation that means people are chosen for
  heaven or hell even before birth.
• Therefore appearance is misleading, an outwardly
  righteous person can be a damned soul. (As in the
  story)

8
Puritan beliefs in Young Goodman Brown

• Although modern readers may consider the
  witchcraft and Devil in the story as mere
  imaginations, Puritans in that time believed them
  to be real.
• Young Goodman Brown may be read as an example
  of Satanism.
• Although there is no credible record of Satanism
  killing, many believed Satanism still exists.

9
The Scarlet letter

• The Scarlet Letter (1850) is a novel written by
  Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the
  story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after
  committing adultery and struggles to create a new
  life of repentance and dignity.
• Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores themes
  of legalism, sin, and guilt.
• Note Watch The Scarlet Letter clips. But test on
  the Young Goodman Brown!!

10
The Scarlet letter

• The Scarlet letter?????????????,????????????????
  ??(Hester)?????????,????????????,?????????,???????
  ??,???????????????A?,?????????,??????????????????(
  Dimmesdale)?????,?????????????????,???????????????
  ?,?????????,???????????,????????,?????????????????
  

11
The Scarlet letter

• ??????????,????????????????,??????????(Pearl),????
  ?????,?????????????,???????????????????????????,??
  ????????????,????????????,????????????????,???????
  ????????????,???????????,???????????,?????????????
  ??(Chillingworth)????????????

12
The Scarlet letter

• ???????????????????????????????,??,???????????????
  ?????????A?????????????????????,??????????????????
  ?????,??????????????????,????????????????????,????
  ???????????????,???????????????,????????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??,?????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????????????,????????????,?????????????????????,?
  ???????????,?????

13
The Scarlet letter

• ??????,????,????????????????,????????????????,????
  ???,????????????????????,????????????????????A????
  ?,???????????,???????????,???????????????,????????
  ?????????????????????--???????,???????????????????
  ,???????,????????,???????????????,????????????????
  ???????????????????--???A??,???????????????,??????
  ???????????????

14
Everyday Use for your grandmamma

• Author Alice Walker (1944- )
• A short story
• Received the Pulitzer Prize for 1982 novel The
  Color Purple
• Film The Color Purple
• Racism, Sexism, Lesbians, Sisterhood

15
?????

• ???????????????????,???????????,??
  ????????,??????????,?????????????????????,????????
  ??????,??????????????? ??,????????????????,???????
  ????????????????
• ????????????????????,???? ????????,??????????,????
  ?,?????????????,???????????????????
  ????,?????????????????,????????????,??????????????
  ????,??????????????

16
?????

• ? ?????????????????--????????????????--?????,?????
  ??????????,????????????? ??????????,??????,???????
  ?????????????,?????????????,?????,???????????,?
  ?????,???????????,????????????????,???????????????
  

17
Everyday Use for your grandmamma

• Set in the 1970s in racially segregated American
  South.
• The narrator of the story was like Alice Walkers
  mother a hardworking and strong woman.
• Maggie resembled young Alice Walker the scar,
  the shyness and lack of self-esteem.

18
Everyday Use for your grandmamma

• Everyday Use took place at a time and place
  when dramatic changes of racial relationships was
  happening. (The famous Brown vs. Board of
  Education case)
• Alice Walker is herself a strong civil right
  activist.
• Unlike Alice Walker, the narrator and Maggie in
  the story didnt rebel against discrimination and
  oppression, but tried to find their peace and
  satisfaction in the status quo.
• Every Use can be seen as Walkers tribe to
  similar women in that time who prevailed by
  enduring and affirming the best in their troubled
  heritage.

19
??????????????1????????????????

• ?????? pp.27-38

20
??

• ?????????????????????(biographical)?????(historic
  al)?????(textual)?
• ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????,????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ?????????????
• ????????17???????,?????(?????),??????????????????,
  ??16?17????????thee/thou louelove??

21
??????

• ?????????????????,????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????,??????????,???????????
  ?,??????????????????,??????????????,??????????????
  ????????????

22
????(?)John Donne,A Hymn to God the Father

• John Donne,1572??????????????
• ????Donne???????,???????????????,????Donne???????
  ????( Done Donne more More
  ),????????????????????,?????Donne?????????Donne???
  ????????????????????
• ????????????????,??????(William/Will)??????,??????
  ,????????(Sonnet 135)?Will????????14?(??still,
  kill ?will ??),???????????,????Will?????,???will??
  ??????,????????????,??????????????

23
John Donne,A Hymn to God the Father

• Donne ????????????????????Donne????done(do????),??
  ??? Done????????????????????????undone?????,?????
  ?????????????????
• ???done?????Donne,???????????????????,?Donne?????
  ???more????????,???More???????????more???????????
  ?,???????
• ??????,????,
• ??????????

24
John Donne,A Hymn to God the Father

• ?????????????father?????????Father???God??,??????
  ?????father?????,?????????????,?Donne??,?????????
  ??
• ??????????????????,??????
• ?Donne????,????I have no more????-?????????????
  ??,???????
• Donne?????????????I fear no more-?????????????????
  ???,????,???????,????????????????,???????????????
  ????,???????????,?????????????????

25
John Donne,A Hymn to God the Father

• ???Donne?????????????????,?????16?17??????????????
  ??????????18?,??Donne?????,??????????????,????????
  

26
????(?)John Milton, Methought I saw my late
espoused saint

• John Milton 1652???,??????????????,???????????????
  ??????(paradise lost)?
• Milton?????????????????????,????,????Milton???????
  ,???Milton????????

27
John Milton, Methought I saw my late espoused
saint

• ?Milton????????,????????Milton???????????
• ?????????,?????????????( espoused
  saint)???????,??????????????????????
• ???????????(spot of child-bed taint),saint?????,??
  ?????????Milton??????

28
John Milton, Methought I saw my late espoused
saint

• ???????????Milton??????????????,?????
• ???????1658?,?????????????????
• ????late???????
• ???purification????????,?????katharos??pure???
• Milton?????,????????,????,??????????,???????????,?
  ????????her face was veiled
• Milton????????????????,?????,????????