AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 CLASS NOTES

1
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5CLASS NOTES

• Processes and Cycles of Population Change

2
The Population Explosion of the 20th Century

• 2.5 million years for the worlds pop. to reach 1
  Billion,
• Only 200 more years to reach 6 billion
• Key to reducing population growth rates?
• WOMEN!!!
• education
• rights

3
(No Transcript)
4
Thomas Malthus ???

• British Economist
• Essay on Population, 1798
• Worlds Population is increasing faster than the
  food supplies needed to sustain it

5
Malthus Theory

• Population increases at an Exponential rate
• Means of Subsistence (food supply) increases at
  an Arithmetic rate

6
Growth Types
7
Linear (Arithmetic) Growth

• Constant
• (arithmetic rate) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.

8
Exponential (Geometric) Growth

• Compounded (doubling)
• 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc.

9
Pick a Side

• Neo-Malthusian Supports ideas of Malthus
• Inevitable stage in history
• Human suffering greater than M. predicted
• Anti-Malthusian not in agreement
• Food production not lineargt has become
  exponential as well
• Cultivated land increased
• New seeds and fertilizers used (biotech, yield)

10
Natural Increase (pop.) ???

• Difference between of births and of deaths in
  a period
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR) live births per year
  per 1,000
• Crude Death Rate (CDR) of deaths per
  1,000 (mortality rate)

11
High Birth Death Rate

• High BR
• S. Asia, SW Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa (50 per
  1000)
• Highest DR
• Africa
• Deteriorating health conditions
• No Access
• Infant Mortality Rate ???
• die before 1st BDay

12
Low Birth Rate

• Low BR Europe (15 per 1,000), N. America,
  Australia, China, Japan
• Low BR
• modernization, industrialization,
  urbanization, education (women)

13
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

• of children born to women of child bearing age
• TFRs are declining all over the world
• Chinas fell from 6.1 to 1.7 in just 30 years
• A TFR of 2.1 is needed to maintain stable
  population over time (60 countries below)

14
(No Transcript)
15
Past Limits on Population Growth (until 19th
Century)

• (Malthus said we needed to check Pop.)
• Epidemics Plagues (Black Death, AIDS)
• Famines (weather)
• Wars
• (Khmer Rouge killed 3 of 7 million people)

16
After 1800s

• Marked increase in Pop. Growth rate in Europe
• 2nd Agricultural Revolution
• Farming methods improved
• Tools
• Industrial Revolution
• Sanitation, vaccines,

17
(No Transcript)
18
Demographic Change FormulaTo figure out the
total POP. change

• TP OP B D I E
• TP total population
• OP original population
• B births
• D deaths
• I Immigration
• E Emigration

19
Living Old

• DEPENDENCY RATIO
• Ratio of of people either too old or too young
  to provide for themselves to the of people who
  must support them through their own labor
• n 100
• n the number of dependents

20
POPULATION PYRAMIDS(Age Sex Pyramids)

• Instantly conveys the demographic situation in a
  country
• See what age group (of M F) has what share of
  the population

21
POPULATION PYRAMIDS(Age Sex Pyramids)World
POPULATION

• What does this tell us???

22
(No Transcript)
23
What is happening to POP in each???
24
(No Transcript)
25
Nigeria 1963
26
Nigeria 2003
27
(No Transcript)
28
Demographic Transition Cycle MODEL
29
Demographic Transition (Cycle)4 STAGES MODEL

• Development BR / DR
• (Based on Europe Model of Growth (UK))
• 1. High Stationary Stage
• high fertility (BR), high mortality (DR),
  little long term POP growth
• Farming, Mining
• (poor, underdeveloped countries)

30
Demographic Transition Cycle MODEL
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33

• 2. Early Expanding Stage
• high BR, declining DR
• POP growth rate high
• Food Supply Country Stable, Trade

34
(No Transcript)
35
DTC con.

• 3. Late Expanding Stage -
• Now declining BR, already low DR
  so continued POP growth
• Industrialization, Urbanization

36
(No Transcript)
37

• 4. Low Stationary Stage
• low fertility, low mortality,
• low POP growth rate
• Modernization, Education, Women Rights
• CORE COUNTRIES (Rich,
  Industrialized)

38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
Key Questions

• Why Unwise to assume that
  ALL countries growth follows
  DTCM (Europe)?
• Stationary Population Level (SPL)
  (DTM Stage 5?)
• Worlds pop. will stop growing in
  21st Cen. (Will Stabilize)
• Why??? How???

41
(No Transcript)