Scrotal forms (bulls)

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Scrotal forms (bulls)
Relaxed scrotums, testicles are relatively far
from the body
Oval forms Round symmetry Testicular torsion
Scrotums with short neck, testicles are close to
the body
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Scrotal forms (boars)
Testicles are almost out of the body
Thick scrotal skin
damaged scrotal skin dusty and or lesions on
the skin
Thin scrotal skin
Testicles are almost in the body
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Examination of the ET by the help of an
electronic (auto image freezing function)
transducers holder
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Evaluation of the echotexture (ET) by Scanner 100
left testis
right testis
The ultrasonic images of left and right
testicles are recorded on disk. The average gray
level were characterized on a 256 gray scale 0
(dark) and 255 (white).
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TesTracto software (developed for the data base)
was used for the evaluation of the ultrasonic ET
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New development of the software evaluation
evaluation of the gray levels distribution
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Andrological data base for bulls

• Data base software (TesTracto) has been
  developed to store all data collected during a
  breeding soundness evaluation, including standard
  information (identification, breed, birthdate,
  scrotal circumference, etc.) as well as all data
  generated by the technologies demonstrated
  earlier. In addition, digital images (e.g of the
  bull or perhaps his scrotum) can be readily
  incorporated. It is expected that the ability to
  acquire, store and retrieve data from several
  kinds of assessments will improve our ability to
  accurately predict reproductive potential of
  bulls.

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Statistical analysis

• There are 188 bulls with complete data record
  (including CASPAR data) in the data base.
• Mean values and Person correlation coefficients
  were calculated for them.

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Results1. Morphological and semen (CASA) data
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2. Correlation coefficients and probabilities
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3. Relationship between the testicular
echotexture and cross-sectional area of
seminiferous tubules (determined histologically)
r - 0.50, Plt0.001 n32
Lower echotexture suggests a greater seminiferous
tubule lumenal space and fluid content within the
examined area of the testicular parenchyma. Older
bulls (age gt 12 mo) expected to have greater
seminiferous tubule activity, have a lower
echotexture. Amount of blood content could also
play a role. CONCLUSION Echotexture probably
useful on practical level to predict semen
production in young (12-36 months) bulls. Highly
significant negative correlation was found
between echotexture and TSN in young bulls to
support this concept. However in older bulls
(60-79 months), there was no correlation with TSN
and echotexture.
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4. Relationship between ET and Non Return Rate
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5. Prediction of the semen production

• Based on SC, ET and TM. Examination of the bulls
  was performed at least 2 months prior to the
  semen production.
• Semen was measured for at least 2 months after
  the beginning of the semen production SV, SD,
  TSN
• Three categories were created
• NP - No predicted semen production problem
• PP - Possible predicted semen production problem
• NUAI - Prediction not useful as a breeding bull

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6. Prediction results
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Possible reasons of the incorrect predictions
Calcification. Dg. PP normal semen production
6 months later
Small SC (20 cm at 8 months of age normal SC size
(32 cm) and semen production 4 months later
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Possible reasons of the rejection
Cryptorchidism
Left testis orchitis right testis fibrosis