Georgia and the American Experience

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Georgia and the American Experience

• Chapter 6
• An Age of Expansion, 1783-1838
• Study Presentation

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Section 3 Economic Growth in Georgia

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• How did Georgia rebuild and expand its economy in
  the late 17th and early 18th century?

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Section 3 Economic Growth in Georgia

• What words do I need to know?
• depression
• turnpike
• cotton gin
• mechanical reaper

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Cotton and the Cotton Gin

• In 1793 Eli Whitney invented a machine for
  separating cotton seeds from its fiber, the
  cotton gin
• Increased the amount cotton growers could process
  each day
• The gin used wire teeth on a turning cylinder to
  separate the seed from fiber

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The Mechanical Reaper

• Cyrus McCormick invented a machine to cut grain
  in a field
• Wooden paddles attached to a horses harness
  allowed six times more grain to be cut per day
  than previous methods
• Georgia farmers could work larger and more
  profitable farms with these agricultural machines

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Depression and the Panic of 1837

• Many Georgia banks failed between 1837 and the
  early 1840s
• Many businesses failed many farmers and planters
  lost their land
• Many banks didnt have enough cash to pay out
  money their depositors had entrusted to them
  (people)

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Early Roads in Georgia

• Railroads, built after 1830, replaced horses,
  stagecoaches, and boats
• Most GA roads ran east to west follow former
  Indian footpaths
• Plank roads over wetlands that featured pikes
  or gates were called turnpikes
• Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike the
  Old Federal Road connected Athens north to
  Tennessee

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Terminus

• Located at the southern end of a rail line that
  originated in Chattanooga, Tennessee
• Later renamed Marthasville, after the daughter of
  former Governor Wilson Lumpkin
• Marthasville became Atlanta, and the capital of
  GA
• Railroads greatly reduced travel time for people
  and freight

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Section 4 Georgia at the Dawn of a New Century

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• How did lifestyles differ in Georgia between
  frontier families and town dwellers?

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Section 4 Georgia at the Dawn of a New Century

• What words do I need to know?
• pioneers
• frontier Georgia
• cultural refinements
• townsfolk

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Religious Activities

• Methodist circuit riders (traveling ministers for
  frontier dwellers) grew in
• GAs 1st Roman Catholic Church est. in Wilkes
  County in 1796
• Savannah had Jewish synagogue
• Churches become central to community life and
  education
• African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) churches
  were started by Richard Allen

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Education in Georgia

• The University of Georgia chartered in 1785 as
  nations first land-grant university opened for
  classes in 1801
• UGA was often called Franklin College in its
  early days
• By 1820, there were forty academies (schools)
  across the state
• Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan College)
  opened in 1836

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Section 5 The War of 1812

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• What were the causes of the War of 1812?

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Section 5 The War of 1812

• What words and people do I need to know?
• embargo
• president James Madison
• war hawks
• Treaty of Ghent

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Causes of the War

• Great Britain and France fighting so both
  countries to try to block U.S. trade with its
  enemy
• British ships took American sailors and made them
  serve with the British Navy
• President James Madison pushed Congress to
  declare war on Great Britain in 1812

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War of 1812

• War lasted for two years
• In 1814, British attack and burn Washington
• British later attacked Baltimore harbor The
  Star Spangled Banner written by Francis Scott
  during The Battle of Fort McHenry
• The Battle of New Orleans, fought after the
  Treaty of Ghent ended the war, was a decisive
  American victory
• The war united the American states as one nation
  Andrew Jackson became a national hero

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Section 6 Native Americans in Georgia

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Why were the Indians removed from Georgia?

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Section 6 Native Americans in Georgia

• What words do I need to know?
• syllabary
• Oconee War
• Treaty of New York
• Red Sticks
• White Sticks
• Treaty of Indian Springs
• Trail of Tears

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Cherokee Culture

• Most advanced of Georgias tribes learned
  quickly from white settlers
• Chief encouraged Christianity
• Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of
  symbols that stand for whole syllables it gave
  Cherokees a written form of their language
• Government modeled after United States capital
  at New Echota

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Creek Indians

• Series of clashes between Creek and settlers who
  pushed into their land known as Oconee War
• Treaty of New York signed by Alexander
  McGillivray, Creeks give up all land east of the
  Oconee River, but could keep land on the west
  side
• this angered Georgia settlers, who felt betrayed
  by their government
• Land treaties were often broken
• Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their
  land claims White Stick Creeks wanted peace

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The Creek War

• Red Sticks (mean) attacked Fort Mims, killing
  more than 400 people
• The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in Alabama, ended
  the Creek War in 1814 Andrew Jackson led the
  U.S. troops
• The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all
  their land to the U.S. government
• The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last Creek
  lands in Georgia to the U.S.
• Chief William McIntosh was later murdered by
  rival Creeks for signing the treaty

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Creek Removal

• Treaty of Washington (1832) resulted in 5 million
  acres of Creek land ceded to the United States
• U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to remain
  and live on 2 million of those acres the U.S.
  promised to protect those who stayed
• Those who didnt wish to stay would have to move
  to the western territories
• The treaty was broken by 1840, nearly all Creeks
  were forced to move west (Indian Removal Act)

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The Trail of Tears

• Discovery of gold in Dahlonega Georgia heightened
  demand for Cherokee land, whites who visited
  Cherokee land had to take an oath of allegiance.
• The Supreme Court ruled that Cherokee territory
  was not subject to state law, but the ruling was
  not enforced by US Govt. (Worcester v. Georgia)
• Between 1832 and 1835, Cherokees were stripped of
  their land
• In 1838, thousands of Cherokees were forcibly
  removed to Oklahoma about 4,000 died from
  disease, exposure, or hunger
• 700 to 800 escaped and hid in the North Carolina
  mountains

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The Georgia Capital

• Moved several times as population spread out
  throughout the frontier
• Savannah (1733)
• Augusta (1786)
• Louisville (1796)
• Milledgeville (1807)
• Atlanta (1868)